Protection of Taurine Against PFOS-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells

Abstract

As a new member of persistent organic pollutants, the potent neurotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) found in epidemiological studies and laboratory research has drawn increasing attention around the world. Previous studies showed that apoptosis driven by oxidative stress and autophagy were both observed in PFOS-induced toxicity. Taurine has been demonstrated to exert potent protections against oxidative stress as an efficient antioxidant. Whether taurine could protect against the PFOS neurotoxicity is not known. In the present study, PC12 cells were treated with several concentrations of PFOS (31.25, 250 μM) for 24 h. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to assess the cell viability. DCFH-DA detector was used to explore the production of ROS. Caspase 3 activity was used to reflect the possible apoptosis pathway. The lyso-tracker red dying was invited to evaluate the autophagy. Our data showed that taurine could significantly reverse the decreased viability and the increased ROS production in PC12 cells treated with PFOS. Moreover, the increased autophagy and apoptosis elicited by PFOS in PC12 cells could also be attenuated by taurine. Collectively, our results indicate that taurine may be an effective antioxidant in fighting against PFOS cytotoxicity and therefore could potentially serve as a preventative and therapeutic agent for environmental pollution-related toxicities.

PFOS-induced excitotoxicity is dependent on Ca2+ influx via NMDA receptors in rat cerebellar granule neurons

“…5A). In concordance with our results, around 40% reduction in viability in PC12 cells after 24 h exposure to 250 μM PFOS was also reported in a recent study by Li et al (2017). A possible explanation for the lower PFOS-induced toxicity in PC12 cells may be their reported lack of expression of functional NMDA-R (Edwards et al, 2007), or as discussed previously the presence of serum in the medium.…”

“…5B). Li et al (2017) found an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC12 cells, after PFOS exposure, which was reduced by cotreatment with taurine treatment. In the present study we also found that a mixture of the anti-oxidants vitamin E and C protected against PFOS-induced effects on viability (results not shown).…”

27-Hydroxycholesterol Contributes to Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization-Mediated Pyroptosis in Co-cultured SH-SY5Y Cells and C6 Cells

“…To further examine the changes of lysosomal function caused by 27-OHC treatment, LTR was used to label lysosomes in live cells. As an acidotropic probe, the decreased LTR fluorescence reflected both a rise in pH of lysosomal and a reduction in number of lysosomes (Li et al, 2017). Treatment with 27-OHC markedly reduced the fluorescence intensity, indicating that 27-OHC treatment reduced intracellular acidic components and the number of lysosome (Figure 2E), and the possibility of LMP occurrence in SH-SY5Y cells and C6 cells.…”

Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms

“…It also attenuated rotenone-induced catalase and lipid peroxidation levels [87]. In PC12 cells, treatment with taurine produced protection against toxic agent-induced degeneration [[88], [89], [90]]. Taurine also restored reduced Bcl-2 expression in an H 2 O 2 -induced model.…”

“…Against perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced degeneration, administration of taurine also displayed protective activity in PC12 cells. Taurine reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and attenuated perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced increases in autophagy and apoptosis [89]. Moreover, treatment significantly reversed the decrease in viability, oxidative stress and abnormal autophagy in PC12 cells exposed to BDE 209 [90].…”