Protectionism Sources of Trade Disputes Within International Economic Relations

Abstract

Peculiarities of modern intercountry trade disputes and their subject-object characteristics, protectionist methods due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied in the article. The purpose of the article is to study the features and tools for the implementation of modern interstate trade disputes in the context of strengthening protectionist policies and the spread of the COVID-19 crisis. The research methodology is presented by historical and logical method, statistics and graphic methods, comparative method, correlation regression method, forecasting method, method of theoretical generalization have been used in the article. Dominance and detecting protectionism policy within the process of protecting national markets of goods from international competition have been highlighted and manifestation form of protectionism actions has been defined. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of trade disputes of countries within WTO has been carried out; their subject-object characteristics have been defined; major tools of the most active member countries being a complainant or a respondent have been analyzed. It has been discovered that the largest number of disputes have taken place between the USA and the EU, the USA and China, and China and the EU; methods and tools for trade disputing between the above mentioned countries were identified.

Consecuencias en Latinoamérica de la aplicación de obstáculos técnicos a las importaciones

“…In respect to the political aspect of the implementation of these measures, it is based on the protection of industries and social wellbeing. In this light, governments apply the NTBs to avoid the entry in large quantities of foreign products, which means a lower exit of currency to cover transportation fees, insurance, documentation and the product per se (Olha et al, 2021;Quiroz et al, 2022). States seek for a way to anticipate these exits and for the money to stay in national territory so it keeps flowing through the economic cycle (Alvarado, 2019;Betancourt, 2022;Chavez, 2019).…”

“…In a different light, the application of NTBs to foreign products may generate a new effect in the market, considering that, if higher quality products enter the market, national producers propose new strategies to keep their products cost-effective in the national market and not lose competitiveness (Olha et al, 2021). Besides, the importers that pass the verifications imposed by the TBTs acquire an advantage in the market by offering products of the same quality as the ones commercialized in the country, but at a lower price, which signifies a boost in the importer sector of specific goods (Rodriguez, 2014).…”