Protective Agents Modifying Biological Effects of Radiation

Carr, C. Jelleff; Huff, J. E.; Fisher, Kerry; Huber, T E

doi:10.1080/00039896.1970.10667199

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Several radiation damage reduction mechanisms by cysteamine are noted in literature. (33,34) These damage reduction mechanisms may include hydrogen atom transfer to DNA radicals, oxygen depletion by thiol oxidation, and protein-amino thiol mixed disulfide formation, alongside oxygen radical scavenging. The reduction of radiation damage by mixed-disulfide formation by AETS is also suggested.…”

Section: S a L I N E C Y S T E A M I N E A E T S T T A U H T A U S A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of 2-aminoethylthiosulfuric acid and structurally analogous organosulfur compounds against ionizing radiation

Takeshita

Ueno

Fujii-Aikawa³

et al. 2023

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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High efficacy and minimal toxicity radioprotectors are desirable options for the hazards posed by nuclear medical and energy technologies and the dangers presented by nuclear weapons in an unstable global situation. Although cysteamine is an effective radioprotector, it has considerable toxicity. In this study, the protective effects of the less toxic organosulfur compounds 2-aminoethylthiosulfate (AETS), thiotaurine (TTAU), and hypotaurine (HTAU) against X-ray damage in mice were compared with that of cysteamine. Intraperitoneal injection of either AETS or cysteamine (2.2 mmol/kg b.w.) 30 min before X-ray irradiation (7.0 Gy) provided 100% survival for 30 days, limited the decrease in erythrocytes and neutrophils over 9 days, and reduced damage to bone marrow and spleen over 9 days. Neither TTAU nor HTAU provided any protection. In mice, 30 min after AETS administration, non-protein thiol content increased in the spleen, indicating cysteamine generation by AETS hydrolysis, the active protective species of AETS. All examined compounds scavenged • OH under diffusion control in aqueous solution, which is inconsistent with the difference in the protective effects among the compounds. The results indicate that AETS protects animals from ionizing radiation by several mechanisms, including scavenging • OH as cysteamine.

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Section: S a L I N E C Y S T E A M I N E A E T S T T A U H T A U S A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of 2-aminoethylthiosulfuric acid and structurally analogous organosulfur compounds against ionizing radiation

Takeshita

Ueno

Fujii-Aikawa³

et al. 2023

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…Aminoethyl isothiourea (AET), a compound that clears free radicals, was developed to protect patients from radioactive exposure [8,9], and currently is a cure for coma [10]. In this study, AET is used as the agent that maintains genomic stability in combination with MMC, a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that damages DNA in cancer cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor growth and metastasis can be inhibited by maintaining genomic stability in cancer cells

Qian

Hong

et al. 2015

Front. Med.

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The existence of cancer stem cells, stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs), or tumor-initiating cells is considered as the cause of tumor formation and recurrence, indicating the importance of studying novel therapy that targets SLCCs. The origin of SLCCs is controversial because of two competing hypotheses: SLCCs are either transformed from tissue adult stem cells or dedifferentiated from transformed progenitor cells. Our previous research demonstrates that SLCCs are inducible by increasing genomic instability in cancer cells. In this study, to block the emergence of SLCCs, aminoethyl isothiourea (AET), a compound that clears free radicals and is used to protect patients from radioactive exposure, was used as an agent that maintains genomic stability in combination with mitomycin C (MMC), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that damages DNA. Using a rabbit tumor model with VX2 hepatic carcinoma, we found that MMC alone increased lung metastases and disadvantaged survival outcome, but the combination of MMC and AET reversed this effect and even prolonged overall survival. Moreover, in a VX2 xenograft model by immunocompromised mice, MMC alone enriched tumor-initiating cells, but the administration of MMC in combination with AET eliminated tumor cells effectively. Furthermore, MMC alone enhanced genomic instability, but MMC combined with AET attenuated the extent of genomic instability in primary VX2 tumor tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that the genomic protector AET can inhibit the induction of SLCCs, and this combination treatment by AET and cytotoxic agents should be considered as a promising strategy for future clinical evaluation.

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Ultraviolet Light Protection by Several New Compounds

Kahn¹

1974

Arch Dermatol

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Protective Agents Modifying Biological Effects of Radiation

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Protective effects of 2-aminoethylthiosulfuric acid and structurally analogous organosulfur compounds against ionizing radiation

Protective effects of 2-aminoethylthiosulfuric acid and structurally analogous organosulfur compounds against ionizing radiation

Tumor growth and metastasis can be inhibited by maintaining genomic stability in cancer cells

Ultraviolet Light Protection by Several New Compounds

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