Protective dissolution: generating secondary pores in zeolite by mechanochemical reaction

Huang, Ju; Fan, Yaqi; Zhang, Guanqun; Ma, Yangmin

doi:10.1039/d0ra00670j

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…particles with an average crystal size of about 5 nm, as shown in the TEM image (Figure 3b). The homogeneous distribution of particles in the TPA/SiO2 sample after steaming was attributed to the dissolution of TPA and silica particles followed by the recrystallisation of TPA on the silica nanoparticles [59]. As a result of the steaming process, the catalyst contained much more uniform crystals.…”

Section: Tem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol

Alharbi,

Roselin

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nanosilica (TPA/SiO2) was employed as a catalyst for the tertiary butylation of p-cresol using tertiary butanol as an alkylating agent. The TPA/SiO2 catalyst was synthesized using the wet impregnation method followed by steaming at 150 °C for 6 h. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The surface acidity of the untreated and steamed catalysts was characterized via FTIR and DSC thermal analysis using pyridine as a probe molecule. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized via TGA analysis. The catalytic activity studies showed that the steamed catalyst displayed higher activity, with a higher desired yield of 2-tert-butyl cresol (2-TBC) compared to the untreated catalyst, and that this activity was related to the presence of stronger Brønsted acid sites in the steamed catalyst. A detailed analysis of the TPA/SiO2 steamed catalyst was performed to study the effects of reactant time-on-stream, reactant feed rate, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of tert-butanol to p-cresol. The optimum reaction temperature, tert-butanol/p-cresol molar ratio, feed rate, and time-on-stream were 413 K, a molar ratio of 2:1, 6 mL/min, and 2 h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the TPA/SiO2 catalyst exhibits high activity in terms of % conversion and high % selectivity of 2-TBC under the optimized conditions. The characterization of fresh and spent catalysts confirmed the occurrence of coke deposition after the catalytic reaction. The catalyst was regenerated via heat treatment at 400 °C for 5 h. The regenerated catalyst was reused for subsequent runs for three cycles without showing a loss in its activity.

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Section: Tem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol

Alharbi,

Roselin

et al. 2023

Catalysts

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“…In an adaptation to a solvent-free process, Huang et al created meso–/macropores in Silicalite-1 by mechanochemical grinding with tetrapropylammonium bromide and ammonium fluoride. 81 Diffusion of the fluoride ions into the zeolite channels selectively etches areas that had structural defects, forming mesopores which could be made to coalesce into macropores by heating to 180 °C (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Porous Structure Adjustment and Hierarchical Zeolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolites in catalysis: sustainable synthesis and its impact on properties and applications

Zhang

Samsudin

Jaenicke

et al. 2022

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…13c and d). More attention should be paid to the choice of substance to be used for dissolution–recrystallization, 144 the dissolution–recrystallization time, and the selection of parent zeolite, which are very important for the zeolite shell thickness, the metal size, and the metal location. Adding a competitive Na + adsorbent to TPA + can form larger pores on the zeolite surface during the dissolution–recrystallization process.…”

Section: Multistep Synthesis For Metal@zeolite Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeolite confinement-catalyzed cleavage of C–O/C–C bonds in biomass

2022

Green Chem.

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Protective dissolution: generating secondary pores in zeolite by mechanochemical reaction

Abstract: A novel strategy for meso-/macropores formation in zeolites by mechanochemical reaction.

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol

Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol

Zeolites in catalysis: sustainable synthesis and its impact on properties and applications

Zeolite confinement-catalyzed cleavage of C–O/C–C bonds in biomass

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