Protective effect of a mexican propolis on MDBK cells exposed to Aujeszky's disease virus (Pseudorabies virus)

Burquez, MJG; Mosqueda, MLJ; Mendoza, HR; Zarate, CIS; Miranda, LC; Sanchez, TAC

doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v12i4.16

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We also introduced a new research setup where we treated the still healthy cells with the propolis extracts and determined the degree of protection that propolis shows on the cell membrane from subsequent viral infection. Our results reconfirm the data obtained by other teams who used a similar experimental methodology and found that the application of 0.5 mg/mL EEP two hours before infection in MDBK cells caused a reduction in the number of Aujeszky's disease virus formed plaque compared to the other treatments used or to the infected and untreated culture [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Antiviral Potential of Specially Selected Bulgarian Propolis Extracts: In Vitro Activity against Structurally Different Viruses

Vilhelmova-Ilieva,

Nikolova,

Nikolova

et al. 2023

Life

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Propolis is a natural mixture of resins, wax, and pollen from plant buds and flowers, enriched with enzymes and bee saliva. It also contains various essential oils, vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements, hormones, and ferments. It has been found that propolis possesses antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. We have studied the antiviral activity of six extracts of Bulgarian propolis collected from six districts of Bulgaria. The study was conducted against structurally different viruses: human coronavirus strain OC-43 (HCoV OC-43) and human respiratory syncytial virus type 2 (HRSV-2) (enveloped RNA viruses), human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (enveloped DNA virus), human rhinovirus type 14 (HRV-14) (non-enveloped RNA virus) and human adenovirus type 5 (HadV-5) (non-enveloped DNA virus). The influence of the extracts on the internal replicative cycle of viruses was determined using the cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition test. The virucidal activity, its impact on the stage of viral adsorption to the host cell, and its protective effect on healthy cells were evaluated using the final dilution method, making them the focal points of interest. The change in viral infectivity under the action of propolis extracts was compared with untreated controls, and Δlgs were determined. Most propolis samples administered during the viral replicative cycle demonstrated the strongest activity against HCoV OC-43 replication. The influence of propolis extracts on the viability of extracellular virions was expressed to a different degree in the various viruses studied, and the effect was significantly stronger in those with an envelope. Almost all extracts significantly inhibited the adsorption step of the herpes virus and, to a less extent, of the coronavirus to the host cell, and some of them applied before viral infection demonstrated a protective effect on healthy cells. Our results enlarge the knowledge about the action of propolis and could open new perspectives for its application in viral infection treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Virions were also found in an electrodense layer formed around the cell membrane. This has been suggested to affect the entry of the virus into the host cell and disrupt its replication cycle [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Potential of Specially Selected Bulgarian Propolis Extracts: In Vitro Activity against Structurally Different Viruses

Vilhelmova-Ilieva,

Nikolova,

Nikolova

et al. 2023

Life

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“…With the purpose of evaluating whether the times at which the treatments with propolis and the commercial flavonoids were administered had any influence on the development of viral infection, three different treatment administration moments were established (two hours before, during, and two hours after viral infection). In this way, it was observed that a higher efficacy of the EEP was achieved when it was administered before viral infection, which suggests that EEP directly interacts with host cells by interfering with proper recognition between cellular receptors [ 26 ] and virus proteins, thus preventing virus internalization and further replication. Therefore, a minor cytopathic effect on culture cells was observed [ 21 , 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antiviral activity of propolis against some pathogenic human viruses, such as the HSV-1 [ 19 , 20 ], HSV-2 [ 21 ], and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 22 ], has been evaluated. Propolis has also been tested for its activity against several animal viruses: infectious bursal disease virus and avian reovirus [ 23 , 24 ], Newcastle virus disease, bovine rotavirus [ 25 ], pseudorabies virus [ 26 ], feline calicivirus, canine adenovirus type 2 [ 27 ], and bovine viral diarrhea virus [ 28 ]. Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is an insoluble propolis flavonoid [ 29 , 30 ] that is found in pine trees, dry fruits, eucalyptus leaves, and acacia gum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between In Vitro Antiviral Effect of Mexican Propolis and Three Commercial Flavonoids against Canine Distemper Virus

González-Búrquez

González-Díaz

García-Tovar

et al. 2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Propolis is a resin that honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce by mixing wax, exudates collected from tree shoots, pollen, and enzymes. It has been used for its biological properties against pathogenic microorganisms including those of viral origin. In the present study, we demonstrate the antiviral effect of Mexican propolis, as well as of the three commercial flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin, and pinocembrin) present in its composition, in cell cultures infected with Canine Distemper Virus. The treatments were carried out with propolis, flavonoids individually, and a mixture of the three flavonoids at three different times. Antiviral activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the relative expression of the virus nucleoprotein gene (Real-Time qPCR) and by the determination of cellular viability (MTT assay). Propolis applied before infection decreased viral expression (0.72 versus 1.0, 1.65, and 1.75 relative expressions) and correlated with increased cell viability (0.314 versus 0.215, 0.259, and 0.237 absorbance units (AU)). The administration of a flavonoid mixture containing the three commercial flavonoids before infection induces a slight decrease in viral expression (0.93 versus 1, 1.42, and 1.82 relative expressions); however, it does not improve cellular viability (0.255 versus 0.247, 0.282, and 0.245 AU). Quercetin administrated at the same time of infection decreases viral expression (0.90 versus 1.0, 3.25, and 1.02 relative expressions) and improves cellular viability (0.294 versus 0.240, 0.250, and 0.245 AU). Pinocembrin and naringenin individually did not show any antiviral activity at the administration times evaluated in this study. The present work is the first in vitro study of the effect of propolis in Canine Distemper Virus and demonstrated the antiviral activity of Mexican propolis, in addition to the synergy that exists between the three flavonoids on cell viability and the expression of the nucleoprotein virus gene.

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“…Another study on the antiviral effect of Mexican propolis against MDBK cell monolayer infection by pseudo rabies virus (PRV) found that treated cells exhibited an electrondense layer on the cell membrane that prevented viral entry [53]. Another study of 13 ethanolic extracts from South Brazilian propolis identified four with significant antiinfluenza virus activity in vitro and subsequently found antiviral efficacy in vivo after oral administration to infected mice (3 times daily/7 days), with 10 mg/kg showing the greatest therapeutic effect [52].…”

Section: Anti-viral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2

Yosri

El-Wahed

Ghonaim

et al. 2021

Foods

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Propolis, a resin produced by honeybees, has long been used as a dietary supplement and folk remedy, and more recent preclinical investigations have demonstrated a large spectrum of potential therapeutic bioactivities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties. As an antiviral agent, propolis and various constituents have shown promising preclinical efficacy against adenoviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory tract viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Over 300 chemical components have been identified in propolis, including terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with the specific constituent profile varying widely according to geographic origin and regional flora. Propolis and its constituents have demonstrated potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 by modulating multiple pathogenic and antiviral pathways. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated high binding affinities of propolis derivatives to multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including 3C-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S-protein), and helicase (NSP13), as well as to the viral target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Among these compounds, retusapurpurin A has shown high affinity to 3CLpro (ΔG = −9.4 kcal/mol), RdRp (−7.5), RBD (−7.2), NSP13 (−9.4), and ACE2 (−10.4) and potent inhibition of viral entry by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues within viral and human target proteins. In addition, propolis-derived baccharin demonstrated even higher binding affinity towards PLpro (−8.2 kcal/mol). Measures of drug-likeness parameters, including metabolism, distribution, absorption, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics, also support the potential of propolis as an effective agent to combat COVID-19.

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Protective effect of a mexican propolis on MDBK cells exposed to Aujeszky's disease virus (Pseudorabies virus)

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Antiviral Potential of Specially Selected Bulgarian Propolis Extracts: In Vitro Activity against Structurally Different Viruses

Antiviral Potential of Specially Selected Bulgarian Propolis Extracts: In Vitro Activity against Structurally Different Viruses

Comparison between In Vitro Antiviral Effect of Mexican Propolis and Three Commercial Flavonoids against Canine Distemper Virus

Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2

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