Protective Effect of Adrenomedullin on Rat Leydig Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway ADM on Rat Leydig Cells from Inflammation and Apoptosis

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate whether ADM can modulate LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat Leydig cells. Leydig cells were treated with ADM before LPS-induced cytotoxicity. We determined the concentrations of ROS, MDA, GSH, LDH, and testosterone and the MMP. The mRNA levels of IL-1, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 were obtained, and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, NO, and PGE2 were determined. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and detection of DNA fragmentation. The levels of mRNA and protein were determined for Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and PARP. The protein contents for total and p-Akt were measured. ADM pretreatment significantly elevated the MMP and testosterone concentration and reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, GSH, and LDH. ADM pretreatment significantly decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, NO, and PGE2. LPS-induced TUNEL-positive Leydig cells were significantly decreased by ADM pretreatment, a result further confirmed by decreased DNA fragmentation. ADM pretreatment decreased apoptosis by significantly promoting Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax, caspase-3, and PARP expressions. The LPS activity that reduced p-Akt level was significantly inhibited by ADM pretreatment. ADM protected rat Leydig cells from LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis, which might be associated with PI3K/Akt mitochondrial signaling pathway.

Neuroprotective effects of honokiol: from chemistry to medicine

“…Furthermore, data suggest that honokiol can inhibit NF‐κB activation in mouse B cells , macrophages and in LPS‐stimulated microglia cells . It is also thought that honokiol may selectively modulate the PI3K/Akt pathway . Treatment with honokiol lowered TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation of the kinases: p38, ERK1/2 and JNKs .…”

ERO1α promotes testosterone secretion in hCG‐stimulated mouse Leydig cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

“…The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in Leydig cells proliferation, survival, and apoptosis (Ding, Wang, Li, & Ma, 2016; Gu et al, 2017; Pan, Wang, Lai, Mu, & Huang, 2015; Park, Park, Lim, & Song, 2019; J. H. Sun et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2019; H. Zhang et al, 2019; P. H. Zhou, Hu, Zhang, Wang, & Zhang, 2016). PI3K catalyzes the phosphorylation of AKT and activates downstream the mTOR signaling pathway subsequently mediates phosphorylation of P70S6K to initiation of protein translation.…”

“…The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway also played an essential role in inhibiting cell apoptosis in Leydig cells (Ding et al, 2016; Pan et al, 2015; J. Sun et al, 2017; P. H. Zhou et al, 2016). The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway increased the ratio of BCL‐2/BAX, and decreased Caspase‐3 expression in H 2 O 2 ‐induced Leydig cells apoptosis (Ding et al, 2016; J.…”

“…The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in Leydig cells proliferation, survival, and apoptosis (Ding, Wang, Li, & Ma, 2016;Gu et al, 2017;Pan, Wang, Lai, Mu, & Huang, 2015;Park, Park, Lim, & Song, 2019;J. H. Sun et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2019;P. H. Zhou, Hu, Zhang, Wang, & Zhang, 2016).…”

“…The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway also played an essential role in inhibiting cell apoptosis in Leydig cells (Ding et al, 2016;Pan et al, 2015;J. Sun et al, 2017;P. H. Zhou et al, 2016).…”