Protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves in experimental paradigms of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

The present study was aimed to assess the protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves (AESO 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) in inflammatory bowel disease using acetic acid- and ethanol-induced colitis in mice and indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats. The preliminary phytochemical analysis and further high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analysis and phytochemical tests of HPTLC bands confirmed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in AESO. In acute oral toxicity study, administration of AESO (5,000 mg/kg, p.o.) did not show any sign of toxicity and mortality. The treatment with AESO significantly increased body weight, decreased diarrhea with bloody stools, increased blood hemoglobin and plasma total protein, and decreased serum and ileum or colon malondialdehyde content and attenuated the extent of lesions and ameliorated the histological injury of mucosa in all paradigms. The most prominent effects were evident for AESO 1,000 mg/kg. The results of the present study revealed that AESO was effective in attenuating almost all the symptoms of IBD in experimental paradigms. The effect might be due to the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids present in the AESO.

Tannic acid acts as an agonist of the dopamine D2L receptor, regulates immune responses, and ameliorates experimentally induced colitis in mice

“…This result suggests that TA may be able to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease, which is dependent on Th1 and Th17 immune responses ( Hill and Artis, 2010 ; Strober et al., 2002 ). Indeed, it has been reported that some foods containing TA may ameliorate colitis ( Orsi et al., 2014 ; Otari et al., 2012 ; Ritchie et al., 2017 ), but the role of TA in the anti-inflammatory properties of these foods has not been clearly addressed.…”

Determination of Elemental Composition ofMalabar spinach, Lettuce, Spinach, Hyacinth Bean, and Cauliflower Vegetables Using Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Technique at Savar Subdistrict in Bangladesh

“…The inclusion of rubidium to potassium-deficient diets helps to avert the lesions characteristic of potassium reduction in rats [ 30 ]. It was observed that the aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea eaves has protective effect, for example, attenuating the spread of lesions [ 31 ]. The presence of Rb in Spinacia oleracea substantiates the therapeutic usage of it against the development of lesions.…”

Protective Effect of A2B Receptor Antagonist (TRP 1) on Acetic Acid Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats: in vitro, in vivo and in silico Methods

“…The protonated form of the acid liberates protons within the intracellular space, causing a massive intracellular acidification resulting in an immense epithelial damage. 45 The weight of the inflamed colonic tissue is considered as a reliable and sensitive indicator for the severity, extent of intestinal inflammation, over production of TNF α, IL-1β and IL-6 on intrarectal administration of acetic acid. 46,47,48,49 Consistent with this notion, the results of this study revealed, acetic acid treated rats was showed significant increase colon weight and macroscopic damage score, indicative of formation of ulcers, edema and increases inflammatory cytokines levels such as TNF α, IL-1β and IL-6.…”