“…In early endometrial cancer or endometrial hyperplasia, the upregulation of HIF-1α can lead to the overexpression of VEGF, leading to the appearance of neovascularization, providing an important process of nutrient acquisition [ 100 ]. Conversely, the administration of eicosapentaenoic acid, a predominant omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid known for enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, negatively modulates the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, countering endometrial hyperplasia [ 100 ]. Additionally, kinesin family member 23, a novel target in endometrial cancer, responds to HIF-1α by promoting the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, thereby developing the “Warburg effect” and enhancing cancer cell proliferation [ 101 ].…”