Protective Effect of Embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. Against Transient Global Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Rats

Thippeswamy, B.S.; Nagakannan, P.; Shivasharan, B. D.; Sekar, Mahendran; Veerapur, Veeresh P.; Badami, Shrishailappa

doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9258-7

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It has been always a critical problem to be solved to develop a drug for brain tumors. Recent studies showed that embelin passes the BBB, and it even has a neuro-protective effect against ischemiainduced brain damage in a rat model (30,51). All together these results suggest that embelin is a potentially good therapeutic modality for the fatal disease glioma through inducing apoptosis by blocking the NF-κB pathway, and thus this agent should be further explored for its anticancer effects by itself or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents currently used in the clinic such as temozolomide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Embelin, one of the phytochemicals, has already been known to have various medicinal effects on diabetes (28,29), ischemia (30), antibacterial activity (31), osteoclastogenesis (32), and several types of cancer such as pancreatic cancer (17), prostate cancer (33), leukemia (34), hepatoma, and colon cancer (18). In the present study, we evaluated the potential of embelin as a therapeutic agent for another fatal disease, malignant glioma.…”

Section: Embe Lin Represses Proliferation Of Human Glioma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embelin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells Through Inactivating NF-κB

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Aggressive tumor growth and diffuse tissue invasion are hallmarks of malignant glioma. Embelin is an active compound identified as a novel XIAP inhibitor from the Embelia ribes that exhibits various medicinal effects including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In the present study, we investigated whether embelin could have a therapeutic effect in glioma. We found that embelin suppressed proliferation of human glioma cells, but not in normal immortalized human astrocytes. In addition, embelin induced apoptosis in human glioma cells by inhibiting NF-κB, which is a crucial transcription factor associated with several human diseases including cancer and controls multiple genes involved in tumor progression such as cell proliferation and survival. Intriguingly, embelin had no inhibitory effect on XIAP in glioma cells even though discovered as an XIAP inhibitor, but instead inhibited NF-κB activity by reducing nuclear translocation of p65 through decreasing phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of IκBα in glioma cells. Furthermore, p65 overexpression decreased embelin-induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Taken together these results indicate that embelin could be a potent novel therapeutic modality for glioma via blocking cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Embe Lin Represses Proliferation Of Human Glioma Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embelin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells Through Inactivating NF-κB

et al. 2013

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“…After global cerebral ischemia, motor deficits have been reported on the finger tap [163, 166], and in severe cases, patients develop problems with gait [206]. In animals, motor function is commonly assessed using a few different techniques examining balance, coordination, and activity [207-210]. Locomotor function is frequently examined in rats using the beam walking task [208].…”

Section: Global Cerebral Ischemia and Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(4C). Global cerebral ischemia increases the amount of time required to complete this task, suggesting a deficit in motor function [207, 208]. The open field test is used to test overall activity in rodents [210], where an animal is placed into a square or circular arena (for anywhere between 5 and 30 minutes) and allowed to move freely.…”

Section: Global Cerebral Ischemia and Cognitive Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

Neumann¹,

Cohan²,

Dave³

et al. 2013

Current Drug Targets

111

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Cardiopulmonary arrest is one of the leading causes of death and disability, primarily occurring in the aged population. Numerous global cerebral ischemia animal models induce neuronal damage similar to cardiac arrest. These global cerebral ischemia models range from vessel occlusion to total cessation of cardiac function, both of which have allowed for the investigation of this multifaceted disease and detection of numerous agents that are neuroprotective. Synapses endure a variety of alterations after global cerebral ischemia from the resulting excitotoxicity and have been a major target for neuroprotection; however, neuroprotective agents have proven unsuccessful in clinical trials, as neurological outcomes have not displayed significant improvements in patients. A majority of these neuroprotective agents have specific neuronal targets, where the success of future neuroprotective agents may depend on non-specific targets and numerous cognitive improvements. This review focuses on the different models of global cerebral ischemia, neuronal synaptic alterations, synaptic neuroprotection and behavioral tests that can be used to determine deficits in cognitive function after global cerebral ischemia.

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“…Many plant extracts, formulations and phytoconstituents with antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties have been reported to protect the neurons in different animal models [3,8]. Our lab has been screening a number of plant species and phytoconstituents in this line [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Calendula officinalis L. Flowers Against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Stress and Excitotoxic Brain Damage in Rats

Shivasharan¹,

Nagakannan²,

Thippeswamy³

et al. 2012

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a popular flavour enhancer used in food industries; however, excess MSG is neurotoxic. Oxidative stress is well documented in MSG induced neurotoxicity. The compounds having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties reportedly possess beneficial effects against various neurotoxic insults. Calendula officinalis Linn. flower extract (COE) is known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, this present study has been designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of COE on MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Adult Wistar rats were administered systemically for 7 days with MSG and after one h of MSG injection, rats were treated with COE (100 and 200 mg/kg) orally. At the end the treatment period, animals were assessed for locomotor activity and were sacrificed; brains were isolated for estimation of LPO, GSH, CAT, TT, GST, Nitrite and histopathological studies. MSG caused a significant alteration in animal behavior, oxidative defense (raised levels of LPO, nitrite concentration, depletion of antioxidant levels) and hippocampal neuronal histology. Treatment with COE significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, and hippocampal damage in MSG-treated animals. Hence, this study demonstrates that COE protects against MSG-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of COE may be responsible for its observed neuroprotective action.

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Protective Effect of Embelin from Embelia ribes Burm. Against Transient Global Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Rats

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Embelin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells Through Inactivating NF-κB

Embelin Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells Through Inactivating NF-κB

Global Cerebral Ischemia: Synaptic and Cognitive Dysfunction

Protective Effect of Calendula officinalis L. Flowers Against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Oxidative Stress and Excitotoxic Brain Damage in Rats

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