Protective Effect of Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Hemorrhage in Rats

Huang, Yan; Drummond, Robert J.; Horrobin, D.F.

doi:10.1159/000199396

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand, DGLA acts as a synergistic molecule with NSAIDs by producing anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. By inhibiting the production of LTB4, and stimulating the production of PGE1, DGLA maintains the normal circulation to gastric mucosa, preventing the gastric side effects of NSAIDs [32].…”

Section: Gla and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Linolenic Acid: An Antiinflammatory Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Kapoor¹,

Huang²

2006

CPB

293

160

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Inflammation plays an important role in health and disease. Most of the chronic diseases of modern society, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. have inflammatory component. At the same time, the link between diet and disease is also being recognized. Amongst dietary constituents, fat has gained most recognition in affecting health. Saturated and trans fatty acids have been implicated in obesity, heart disease, diabetes and cancer while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generally have a positive effect on health. The PUFAs of omega-3 and omega-6 series play a significant role in health and disease by generating potent modulatory molecules for inflammatory responses, including eicosanoids (prostaglandins, and leukotrienes), and cytokines (interleukins) and affecting the gene expression of various bioactive molecules. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, all cis 6, 9, 12-Octadecatrienoic acid, C18:3, n-6), is produced in the body from linoleic acid (all cis 6,9-octadecadienoic acid), an essential fatty acid of omega-6 series by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Preformed GLA is present in trace amounts in green leafy vegetables and in nuts. The most significant source of GLA for infants is breast milk. GLA is further metabolized to dihomogamma linlenic acid (DGLA) which undergoes oxidative metabolism by cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases to produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins of series 1 and leukotrienes of series 3). GLA and its metabolites also affect expression of various genes where by regulating the levels of gene products including matrix proteins. These gene products play a significant role in immune functions and also in cell death (apoptosis). The present review will emphasize the role of GLA in modulating inflammatory response, and hence its potential applications as an anti-inflammatory nutrient or adjuvant.

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Section: Gla and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Linolenic Acid: An Antiinflammatory Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Kapoor¹,

Huang²

2006

CPB

293

160

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“…Many studies have shown that increasing intakes of dietary linoleic acid do not increase the concentration of the eicosanoid precursor, arachidonic acid, in membrane phospholipids (Dupont et ul. 1980;Elson et al 1982;Vas Dias et al 1982;Blaton et al 1984;Charnock et al 1985;Lasserel et al 1985;Huang et al 1987;Bolton-Smith et al 1988). There are also conflicting reports on the effect of dietary linoleic acid supplements on eicosanoid synthesis in man.…”

Section: Gms General Medical Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intakes and adipose tissue levels of linoleic acid in peptic ulcer disease

et al. 1989

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Adipose tissue levels of linoleic acid were determined from biopsies of subcutaneous abdominal fat of normal healthy controls (n 40) and from two patient groups with endoscopically evaluated non-ulcer dyspepsia (n 40) or peptic ulcer disease (n 38). The level (g/lOO g) of adipose tissue linoleic acid in the normal healthy controls (150 (SD 4.1)) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (12.8 (SD 3.5)) and in patients with peptic ulcer disease (11.7 (SD 2.7)). A dietary history revealed a lower intake of linoleic acid and a significantly (P < 0.05) lower intake of dietary fibre (g/d) for both the non-ulcer dyspepsia (15.9 (SD 6.2)) and peptic ulcer disease (15-2 (SD 7.8)) patients compared with normal healthy controls (20.2 (SD 11.2)). Adipose tissue linoleic acid tended to increase with indices of increasing socioeconomic status, although the differences between patient and controls were not confounded by socioeconomic status. Patients with dyspepsia reported more foods causing symptoms (onion, fried foods, alcohol, citrus fruits and spices) and more foods giving relief (milk, bread) compared with control orthopaedic patients.

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“…15 However, GLA supplementation was preferred to LA in rats subjected to aspirin-induced gastric hemorrhage. 16 GLA supplementation produced greater levels of AA and no gastric hemorrhage compared to hemorrhage in 3/8 rats on the LA diet. They believed GLA was able to bypass depressed levels of delta-6-desaturation in the LA group and protect gastric mucosa through improved synthesis of AA and PGEs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation increases levels in red blood cells and reduces the prevalence and severity of squamous gastric ulcers in exercised Thoroughbreds

Pagan

Hauss

Pagan

et al. 2022

javma

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OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between plasma and RBC fatty acid composition and incidence and severity of squamous gastric ulcers when altered by short-chain (SC) or long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. ANIMALS 13 fit Thoroughbred horses in training. PROCEDURES Horses were evaluated by gastroscopy for squamous ulcer score, gastric pH, and blood fatty acid composition prior to supplementation (UNSUPP) and after 3 months of supplementation with a corn-flax oil blend of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid (SC-PUFA) or a gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)-fish oil blend of GLA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; LC-PUFA) in a crossover design. Prior to gastroscopy and blood collection, horses performed a 4,600-m standardized exercise test on the racetrack as a stressor. RESULTS Three months of supplementation with LC-PUFAs increased RBC levels of GLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, and DHA, and reduced severe ulcer prevalence (38% UNSUPP vs 8% LC-PUFA with a severe ulcer score of grade 3 to 4). Short-chain PUFA supplementation did not effectively elevate RBC GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, or DHA and severe ulcer incidence was not different (38% UNSUPP vs 23% SC-PUFA with a severe ulcer score of grade 3 to 4). Lower levels of RBC GLA, DGLA, AA, and EPA correlated with severe squamous gastric ulceration (grade 3 to 4). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is prevalent in high-performance horses and is a concern to owners and trainers. Long-chain PUFA supplementation increased levels of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, and DHA, unlike SC-PUFA supplementation, and was associated positively with prevention or resolution of severe squamous gastric ulceration. Further studies are needed to evaluate different management styles and exercise intensities.

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Protective Effect of Gamma-Linolenic Acid on Aspirin-Induced Gastric Hemorrhage in Rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Gamma Linolenic Acid: An Antiinflammatory Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Gamma Linolenic Acid: An Antiinflammatory Omega-6 Fatty Acid

Dietary intakes and adipose tissue levels of linoleic acid in peptic ulcer disease

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation increases levels in red blood cells and reduces the prevalence and severity of squamous gastric ulcers in exercised Thoroughbreds

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