“…However, the ability of HCV to frequently evade these responses through the development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations represents an important mechanism contributing to HCV persistence (11,43,46). Interestingly, certain HLA alleles, such as HLA-B57 and -B27, have been associated with the control of both HCV and HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infections, suggesting a possible shared mechanism of control of highly variable pathogens (1,2,9,17,33,35). In the case of HIV-1, these alleles are associated with the targeting of highly conserved regions of the virus by CD8 ϩ T cell responses, whereupon viral escape leads to the selection of deleterious mutations which substantially impair viral replication capacity (30,34).…”