Protective effect ofAcer okamotoanumfrom oxidative stress in C6 glial cells

Abstract

Radical scavenging effect and protective activity against oxidative stress of Acer okamotoanum were investigated. A. okamotoanum was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and then fractionated with n-BuOH, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions. The MeOH extract and fractions showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity. Among the MeOH extract and fractions, the EtOAc fraction showed the strongest radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EtOAc fraction was higher than other extract and fractions. Furthermore, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of the MeOH extract and fractions from A. okamotoanum against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glial cell. The C6 glial cells showed a decrease in cell viability and high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment of amyloid beta [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (Aβ 25-35 ). However, with the treatment of the MeOH extract and fractions, it significantly increased the cell viability and inhibited the overproduction of ROS by Aβ 25-35 . In particular, the EtOAc fraction led to significantly increase the cell viability and decrease the generation of ROS against oxidative stress by Aβ 25-35. The current study indicated that A. okamotoanum demonstrated antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In particular, the EtOAc fraction which attributed a strong protective activity against oxidative stress.

Acer okamotoanum protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress

“…Therefore, to extract a large quantity of hydrophilic bioactive compounds, we used MeOH and EtOAc. In addition, we previously reported that the EtOAc fraction from A. okamotoanum has higher in vitro free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and O À 2 and higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, compared with n-BuOH, methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions, and the crude MeOH extract (Choi et al, 2017a). Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction of A. okamotoanum led to a significant protective effect in oxidative stress-induced C6 glial cells among other extracts and fractions (Choi et al, 2017a).…”

“…In addition, we previously reported that the EtOAc fraction from A. okamotoanum has higher in vitro free radical scavenging activities against DPPH and O À 2 and higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, compared with n-BuOH, methylene chloride and n-hexane fractions, and the crude MeOH extract (Choi et al, 2017a). Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction of A. okamotoanum led to a significant protective effect in oxidative stress-induced C6 glial cells among other extracts and fractions (Choi et al, 2017a). The most active compounds from the EtOAc fraction of A. okamotoanum leaves were flavonol glycosides such as quercetin-3-O-b-D-galactopyranoside and quercetin-3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside (Choi et al, 2017b).…”

A Study on the Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effect of Microalgae Extracts

“…These defense mechanisms against oxidative stress called the anti-oxidation are the mechanism for inhibiting the production or returned to normal levels that the over-produced free radicals at the energy production process in vivo [2]. Reactive oxygen species are produced in the process of stabilizing by taking incomplete electrons generated during the mitochondrial respiratory process from nearby molecules, and types include singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2− ), hydroxyl radical (OH), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [2,3]. These reactive oxygen species are very unstable and highly reactive, easily react with various biological materials, and attack the polymers in the body, causing irreversible damage to cells and tissues, mutations, and cancer.…”

“…It is also known to cause diabetes, brain disease, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, for the prevention and treatment of many chronic degenerative diseases in which oxidative stress caused by free radicals acts as a risk factor, many studies have been conducted to find antioxidants from natural products with low toxicity and side effects [3].…”

The Protective Effects of Acer okamotoanum and Isoquercitrin on Obesity and Amyloidosis in a Mouse Model

“…After three days adaptation, four groups with HFD-and Aβ 25-35 -induced mice were orally administered with EAO (100 mg/kg/day), isoquercitrin (10 mg/kg/day), donepezil (5 mg/kg/day), and CLA (750 mg/kg/day) dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for four weeks. The experimental groups were divided into six groups as follows: (1) normal, mice fed with ND, injected saline solution, and orally administered 0.5% CMC; (2) control, mice fed with HFD, injected Aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , and orally administered 0.5% CMC; (3) AO, mice fed with HFD, injected Aβ 25-35 , and orally administered EAO; (4) IQ, mice fed with HFD, injected Aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , and orally administered isoquercitrin; (5) DO, mice fed with HFD, injected Aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] , and orally administered donepezil; (6) CLA, mice fed with HFD, injected Aβ 25-35 , and orally administered CLA. Food intakes and body weight were consistently measured every day during the experiment.…”