Protective effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. extracts against abnormal expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes in diabetic rats

Abstract

Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) has been used as a folk medicine for curing diabetes mellitus in East Asia decades. This study investigated the effect of RTL on hepatic detoxification enzyme expression in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Subsequently, rats received oral administrations of 100 or 400 mg kg À1 body weight RTL extract, in either water (RTLW) or ethanol (RTLE), once a day for 4 weeks. The real-time PCR analyses showed that abnormality of hepatic phase I and II detoxification enzyme expression was observed in diabetic rats. However, both RTLW and RTLE significantly normalized the expression of hepatic phase I detoxification enzymes such as CYP 2E1, and expression of phase II detoxification enzymes such as UGT 1A7 and GST M1 in diabetic rats. Furthermore, we found that fasting serum glucose, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and the area under the curve of oral glucose tolerance test (AUC OGTT ) levels were significantly reduced in both RTLW and RTLE treated diabetic rats.Moreover, both RTLW and RTLE significantly increased the activity of hepatic anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetic rats. The present study suggests that RTL may ameliorate abnormal hepatic detoxification function via alleviating hyperglycemia and enhancing hepatic antioxidant capacity in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Ameliorative effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose uptake in mouse C2C12 myoblasts

“…RTL extracts also improve the oral glucose tolerance test in HFD-fed STZ-treated rats, and the findings have demonstrated in our previous study (Chang et al, 2018). HOMA-IR and QUICKI are indexes that used clinically to assess IR in patients with DM.…”

“…However, both RTLW and RTLE significantly ameliorated serum glucose and insulin levels, suggesting hypoglycemic and hypoinsulinemic abilities in T2DM rats. RTL extracts also improve the oral glucose tolerance test in HFD‐fed STZ‐treated rats, and the findings have demonstrated in our previous study (Chang et al., 2018). HOMA‐IR and QUICKI are indexes that used clinically to assess IR in patients with DM.…”

Alleviative effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on NAFLD and hepatic lipid accumulation via modulating hepatic de novo lipogenesis in high‐fat diet plus streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

“…Insulin resistance has been proved to cause abnormal regulation of lipolysis in peripheral adipocytes, leading to massive release of FFA into blood (Petersen & Shulman, 2006). Our previous study has revealed that RTLW and RTLE may alleviate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via improving insulin resistance in HFD/STZ‐induced type 2 diabetic rats (Chang et al., 2018; Ko et al., 2019). In the normal condition, hepatic triglyceride of less than 5% is derived from endogenous lipid synthesis in the liver.…”

Identification of Bioactive Components from Ruellia tuberosa L. on Improving Glucose Uptake in TNF‐α‐Induced Insulin‐Resistant Mouse FL83B Hepatocytes

“…The extraction protocol was based on our previous methods, with slight modifications [ 7 , 9 ]. One gram of RTL stems and leaves were extracted with 6 ml distilled water and methanol (1 : 6, w / v ) at 4°C for 72 h and filtered using a cheese cloth.…”

“…Our previous studies have demonstrated that RTL aqueous or ethanolic extracts can significantly improve glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblasts, alleviate the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α -induced IR in skeletal muscles, and ameliorate hyperglycemia, IR indices, and aorta dysfunction in high-fat-diet-fed streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats [ 7 , 8 ]. Additionally, RTL ameliorated abnormal hepatic detoxification, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and lipid accumulation in the liver of T2DM rats [ 9 , 10 ].…”