Protective Effect of Phloretin against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage by Enhancing Autophagic Flux in DF-1 Cells

Abstract

Phloretin (PHL) is a dihydrochalcone flavonoid isolated from the peel and root bark of apples, strawberries, and other plants with antioxidative characteristic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect and the potential mechanism of PHL on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in DF-1 cells. The results showed that PHL exhibited no cytotoxic effect on DF-1 cells at concentration below 20 μM. PHL markedly increased H2O2-reduced cell viability, decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced apoptosis rate, the upregulation of gene and protein level of Bcl-2, and the downregulation of gene and protein level of Bax and Cleaved caspase3. In addition, PHL reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored antioxidant enzymes activities as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, PHL prior to H2O2 further increased LC3-II level, promoted p62 turnover and improved lysosomal function. Importantly, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) reversed the protective effect of PHL, and increased H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, PHL inhibited the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38, and JNK. Collectively, these results indicate that PHL could attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by maintaining lysosomal function and promoting autophagic flux, and MAPKs pathway may be involved in this process. Our study provides evidence that PHL could as a new strategy to against oxidative damage in poultry industry.

Phloretamide Protects against Diabetic Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats by Attenuating Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia, Suppressing NF-κβ, and Upregulating Nrf2

“…However, extra support can be obtained by the previously reported antioxidant and Nrf2 stimulatory effect of phloretin. Indeed, phloretin inhibited H 2 O 2 -induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by reducing the generation of ROS and stimulating autophagy [ 70 ]. In addition, phloretin suppressed ROS generation and inhibited fibrosis in high-glucose-stimulated cardiac H9c2 cells by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant axis [ 71 ].…”

The Extraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Evaluation of Tea Saponin

“…The cell was treated with diluted extracts for a duration of 3 h. At the same time, their cell morphology was observed and recorded using a fluorescence microscope. The impact of tea saponins on reactive oxygen species [ 28 , 29 ] levels was assessed using a reactive oxygen species fluorometric kit. The protein concentration in the cell extracts was quantified using the BCA kit.…”