Protective effect of Psidium guajava in arsenic-induced oxidative stress and cytological damage in rats

Abstract

This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Animals were divided into four groups. Control group received arsenic free distilled water and three treatment groups (II, III, and IV) exposed to the arsenic (NaAsO2) (20 mg/kg b.wt) through drinking water. Group III and IV were administered a daily oral dose of P. guajava leaf extract 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt. (AEPG50 and AEPG100) for the period of 6 weeks. Blood samples and organs were collected at the end of the experiment. Arsenic exposure resulted in significant rise in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in erythrocyte, liver, kidney, and brain. In addition toxin decreased (P<0.05) the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the studied tissues. Residual effect of arsenic in various tissues was also observed. Histopathological results revealed mild to severe type of necrosis and degenerative changes in kidney and liver of arsenic intoxicated animals. Cytological alteration in brain tissue was also observed. Treatment with AEPG100 (aqueous extract of P. guajava) @100 mg/kg body weight) significantly restored activities of oxidative stress markers like LPO levels, GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities but having the limited protective activity of the herbal extract was observed on tissues architecture. It is therefore concluded that prophylactic co-administration of AEPG could provide specific protection from oxidative injury and to some extent on tissue damage.

Neuroprotective effect of Ruminococcus albus on oxidatively stressed SH-SY5Y cells and animals

“…Arsenic acid has been used to induce oxidative stress in the brain in multiple in vivo animal studies 38 , 39 . Long-term exposure to arsenic acid can cause skin, liver, lung and bladder cancer as well as inflammation, vascular diseases and diabetes 40 , 41 . Arsenic acid treatment increases serum AST and ALT levels, which are both indicators of hepatic damage 42 , 43 .…”

Metals and Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

“…Moreover, overexpression of antioxidant enzymes in response to As-induced oxidative stress will desensitize cells to apoptosis, which allows cancer cells to persist instead of die (43; 44). Of note, arsenic can cause oxidative stress either through direct Fenton-type reactions to produce ROS, or indirect depletion of important antioxidants such as glutathione (45-47). Furthermore, As is capable of mediating chromosomal instability through generation of DNA double-strand breaks and impairment of proteins necessary for DNA repair.…”

Mixture of guava leaves extract and Citrus hassaku pericarp extract inhibits in vitro inflammatory biomarkers by blocking ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling and protects mice from lethal endotoxemia

“…This data indicate the OM is a potential candidate as an anti-inflammatory agent because the excessive amounts of NO produced by iNOS mediates both acute and chronic inflammation (Szabo 1995). And aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves can provide specific protection from oxidative injury and to some extent on tissue damage (Tandon et al 2012) and fermented guava leaf extract is involved in the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 via the down-regulation of NF-κB pathway (Choi et al 2008). Also, All orange juices tested showed an evident antioxidant effect (Rapisarda et al 1999).…”