Protective effect of S-allyl cysteine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental rats

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) against cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury (CRI) in rats.Methods: The protective effect of SAC was determined in a male Wistar rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-stimulated transient focal ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was induced via 90 min of MCAO, followed by 24-h reperfusion. The cerebral infarct size was determined by staining with 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The onset of cellular derangement, neurological deficit score and neuronal oedema were determined. In addition, the expressions of CRI markers and inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Rats subjected to CRI showed marked increases in cellular oxidative stress, as evidenced by significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers, including MDA (p < 0.05), MPO (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (p < 0.01). In addition, CRI increased the mRNA expression levels of the marker genes TLR4, syndecan-1, CSF, aquaporin-1, OCT3, and RFX1. In contrast, rats pre-treated with SAC prior to CRI displayed reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, with a near-normal cellular arrangement. SAC treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of the marker genes in CRI rats.Conclusion: These findings suggest that SAC may protect the brain of rats from cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury caused by amplification of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Thus, S-allyl cysteine is a potential therapy for the management of CRI.

Effect of Ghrelin on mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells through the AMPK/FUNDC1 pathway

“…The intestine is considered as one of the immune barrier systems of the body, so as the source of bacteria and endotoxins in the body [11].Therefore, the intestine is extremly sensitive to stress and it is pretty di cult for it to recover back to physiological homeostasis once it hurt.Intestinal I/R injury is a pathophysiological process that occurs locally but can affect the whole body under the action of in ammatory cells and mediators, leading to serious consequences such as multiple organ failure.During intestinal I/R, a large amount of ROS releases,which activates in ammatory factors and increases the permeability of the intestinal wall, thus resulting in the displacement of the intestinal ora.Intestinal I/R can not only lead to intestinal structural and functional changes, but also cause damage to kidney, liver and even lead to systemic in ammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even death [12][13][14] in severe cases.The incidence and fatality rate of intestinal I/R injury are increasing year by year, which is a problem that the medical community has been concerned about and needs to be solved urgently. However, there is no effective treatment.…”

Effectiveness of the combination of terbutaline and budesonide inhalation in treating acute bronchial asthma during pregnancy

“…It is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Recurrent wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness are the main clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma [1]. Based on clinical presentations, gestational asthma is categorized into acute exacerbation, chronic persistence, and clinical remission [2].…”