Protective Effect of Serotonin and of Para-Aminopropiophenone Against Lethal Doses of X-Radiation

Gray, John; Tew, John T.; Jensen, H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-80-19706

Cited by 43 publications

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“…30 days for CF 1 female mice was increased from 570 r to 900 r by pre-irradiation treatment with 20 ,uM serotonin, 30 ,uM AET, or 50 ,uM MEA. This dose reduction factor of about 1.7 corresponds closely to the findings observed by other investigators (1,3,4,6,10). Unfortunately, the concentrations of these agents required for attaining the degree of protection approaches lethal levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Increased Survival from Radiation by Mixtures of Radioprotective Compounds

Wang¹,

Kereiakes²

1962

Acta Radiologica

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Increased Survival from Radiation by Mixtures of Radioprotective Compounds

Wang¹,

Kereiakes²

1962

Acta Radiologica

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“…Of the above-mentioned compounds, serotonin had the highest radioprotective effect, comparable with that of cystamine [ 14 – 16 ]. Later , similar protective properties were found in 5-methyl derivatives of serotonin—e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy and the window of radioprotection for adrenergic and serotoninergic agents and aminothiols in experiments with small and large animals

Ушаков

2014

Journal of Radiation Research

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This review gives a comparative evaluation of the radioprotective properties and the therapeutic index (TI) of radioprotectors from various pharmacological group in experiments on both small and large animals. It presents a hypothesis explaining the decrease in the TI of cystamine and 5-methoxytryptamine (mexamine), and the retention of that of α1-adrenomimetic indralin, and also compares the effects on large and small animals. The considerable differences in the therapeutic indices of catecholamines, serotonin and cystamine are a consequence of specific features of their mechanisms of radioprotective action. Radioprotectors acting via receptor mediation tend to provide a more expanded window of protection. The reduction in the TI of cystamine in larger animals, such as dogs, may be caused by the greater increase in toxicity of aminothiols in relation to the decrease in their optimal doses for radioprotective effect in going from mice to dogs, which is a consequence of the slower metabolic processes in larger animals. The somatogenic phase of intoxication by cystamine is significantly longer than the duration of its radioprotective effect, and increases with irradiation. The decrease in the radioprotective effect and the TI of mexamine in experiments with dogs may be caused by their lower sensitivity to the acute hypoxia induced by the mexamine. This is because of lower gradient in oxygen tension between tissue cells and blood capillaries under acute hypoxia that is determined by lower initial oxygen consumption in a large animal as compared with a small animal. Indralin likely provides optimal radioprotective effects and a higher TI for large animals via the increased specificity of its adrenergic effect on tissue respiration, which supports the development of acute hypoxia in the radiosensitive tissues of large animals. The stimulatory effect of indralin on early post-irradiation haematopoietic recovery cannot provide a high level of radioprotective action for large animals, but it may promote recovery.

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“…Large doses of histamine and other amines have been shown to protect mice (279), possibly because of the decreased tissue oxygen tension resulting from vasomotor reactions. Epinephrine, enteramine (Serotonin) , and beta-hypophamine (Pitressin) are also protective to mice when ad ministered prior to irradiation (285,286).…”

Section: Modification Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 97%

Radiation Effects on Mammalian Systems

Patt¹

1954

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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This review will be concerned with the acute effects of high energy radia tions on mammalian systems. Its purpose is twofold; to delineate many of the recent papers in this areal and to place the more important contributions in some perspective to the over-all physiology of radiation injury. Complete coverage of radiation effects is not intended, owing to the vast literature and the consequent necessity of excluding many papers to conform to the allotted space.3 Several surveys of the more general aspects of radiation effects on liv ing systems have been presented recently (1 to 7); cellular (8, 9), embryo logiCal (10), and carcinogenic (11) actions of irradiation have also been cov ered. The extensive report of acute radiation injury in man resulting from accidental nuclear reactions should be consulted (12). These cases represent radiation injury not complicated by the effects of heat and blast.It is appropriate to say a word about trends in mammalian radiobiology by way of introduction. We may note an increasing interest in the more im mediate physical and chemical changes in irradiated tissue. Such endeavors have been greatly influenced by present concepts of the modes of energy transfer and the recognition that certain, apparently primary, events may be modified experimentally. Greatest attention continues to be focused, how ever, on the disordered physiology as manifested by effects on growing and developing systems generally and by pancytopenia, bleeding, inanition, in fection, altered immune reactions, and carcinogenesis, specifically. In this area, there is a growing awareness that injury and recovery may be influenced to a considerable extent by the physiological interplay in the organism as a whole.THE RADIATIONS While all of the ionizing radiations produce more or less similar biological effects, their efficiency can vary considerably, This depends apparently upon the energy absorption in space and time and also upon its distribution within the organism. For most effects, excluding those that are related pre sumably to very small volumes, biological effectiveness increases with in crease in linear ion density or, more appropriately, in linear energy transfer. Gray (13) has emphasized that the rapid variation of efficiency with ion 1 The survey of literature pertaining to this review covers the period from January, 1951 to June, 1953.2 The following abbreviations are used in this chapter: DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid); RNA (ribonucleic acid).3 This refers in particular to miscellaneous effects on skin, bone, gonads, and nervous system. 51Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1954.16:51-80. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of Laval on 07/11/14. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Protective Effect of Serotonin and of Para-Aminopropiophenone Against Lethal Doses of X-Radiation

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Increased Survival from Radiation by Mixtures of Radioprotective Compounds

Increased Survival from Radiation by Mixtures of Radioprotective Compounds

Comparative efficacy and the window of radioprotection for adrenergic and serotoninergic agents and aminothiols in experiments with small and large animals

Radiation Effects on Mammalian Systems

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