Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain

Nencini, Cristina; Giorgi, Giorgio; Micheli, Lucia

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.02.005

Cited by 202 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Dendritic spines contain several essential compartments for synaptic function and plasticity such as neurotransmitter receptors, organelles, and signaling systems (Cheng et al, 2010;Nimchinsky et al, 2002). Defect in morphology or alterations in density of neural spines is associated with a growing number of human disorders (Lai et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of NAPQI metabolite decreases glutathione levels leading to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity (Joshi and Tyndale 2006). Also, (Nencini et al, 2007) reported that, an overdose of paracetamol decreases the levels of antioxidative stress candidates such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and is associated with a remarkable decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Importantly, excessive production of reactive oxygen species in brain and the disturbance in balance between oxidative species antioxidant defenses are associated to pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases (Halliwell 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paracetamol Overdose Induces Physiological and Pathological Aberrations in Rat Brain

2017

J App Pharm Sci

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Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is one of the most popular over the counter medications that is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory and pain killer, and to relieve fever and headaches. Despite its several therapeutic benefits, it is well known that an overdose of paracetamol can lead to hepatic and renal damage. Considering that brain cells is one of the main targets for paracetamol in the body, the effect of paracetamol on the physiology and histology of the brain is been poorly investigated. Hence, the present work investigates the possible adverse effects of paracetamol on the rat brain. Our results show that an overdose treatment of paracetamol caused significant elevation in the activity of AChE and a remarkable suppression in levels of dopamine and serotonin in treated rats. Also, applying rapid Golgi-cox staining showed that paracetamol induced morphological aberrations and a dramatic reduction in the density of dendritic spines in brain cells. Histological and ultrastructure alterations were also recorded in the neurons of paracetamol-treated rats. In conclusion, we found that an overdose of paracetamol is neurotoxic. The observed alterations point to the possibilities of higher brain impairments which is of strong public health concern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracetamol Overdose Induces Physiological and Pathological Aberrations in Rat Brain

2017

J App Pharm Sci

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“…47 Oxidative stress occurs when the antioxidant defense system is overwhelmed by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species. 48 Excess intracellular levels of oxidative radicals can cause peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids characterized by an increase in MDA level and decreases in antioxidant levels. 49 This makes the measurement of MDA and the altered levels of endogenous antioxidants as indices for free radical generation and oxidative stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of N-Acetylcysteine and Melatonin as Treatments for Tramadol-Induced Renal Toxicity in Albino Rats

Adikwu¹,

Bokolo²

2017

Pharm Sci

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“…It's an annual to biennial herbaceous plant, native to the Mediterranean countries with reported effects against hepatotoxicity and acute and chronic liver diseases, due to its main pharmacological active ingredient silymarin (standard mixture of flavonoligans) (Giese, 2001;Zuber et al, 2002;Doehmer et al, 2011). Beyond the hepatoprotective activity, this flavonoid complex also has antioxidant properties which seem to be related to liver damage prevention (Nencini et al, 2007;Shaker et al, 2010). Silibinin, the major active constituent of silymarin, has been reported as inhibitor of tumour growth in hepatocarcinoma cell (Brandon-Warner et al, 2010) and animal (Bousserouel et al, 2012) models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

Pereira

Calhelha

Barros

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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Cynara scolymus (artichoke), Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and Cochlospermum angolensis (borututu) are three plants widely used regarding hepatoprotective effects but to the best of our knowledge no anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity has been studied in the most consumed forms: infusions and dietary supplements. Herein, antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and toxicity of infusions and dietary supplements of the mentioned plants were evaluated and compared. All the samples revealed antioxidant properties with EC 50 values lower than the daily recommended dose, but infusions showed higher biological activity than dietary supplements.Borututu infusion gave the highest antioxidant activity (EC 50 ≤170 µg/mL), and also revealed anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity (GI 50 =146 µg/mL) without toxicity in non-tumour liver cells (GI 50 >400 µg/mL). Artichoke infusion also presented antitumour activity (GI 50 =52 µg/mL) but with toxicity for normal cells at a higher concentration (GI 50 =72 µg/mL). The antioxidant and antitumour properties were positively correlated with phenolics and flavonoids content. Overall, among the three studied species, borututu infusion proved to be the most complete sample regarding antioxidant and antihepatocellular carcinoma activity.

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Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain

Cited by 202 publications

References 47 publications

Paracetamol Overdose Induces Physiological and Pathological Aberrations in Rat Brain

Paracetamol Overdose Induces Physiological and Pathological Aberrations in Rat Brain

Prospects of N-Acetylcysteine and Melatonin as Treatments for Tramadol-Induced Renal Toxicity in Albino Rats

Antioxidant properties, anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and hepatotoxicity of artichoke, milk thistle and borututu

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