Protective effect of sulphoraphane against oxidative stress mediated toxicity induced by CuO nanoparticles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts BALB 3T3

Abstract

-Despite the great interest in nanoparticles (NPs) safety, no comprehensive test paradigm has been developed. Oxidative stress has been implicated as an explanation behind the toxicity of NPs. It is reported that sulphoraphane (SFN) present in cruciferous vegetables like cauliflower and broccoli has potential to protect cells from oxidative damage and inflammation. However, protective role of SFN in nanotoxicity is not explored. We investigated the protective effect of SFN against the toxic response of copper oxide (CuO) NPs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (BALB 3T3). Results showed that CuO NPs induced dose-dependent (5-15 μg/ml) cytotoxicity in BALB 3T3 cells demonstrated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. CuO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of glutathione and glutathione reductase. Co-treatment of BALB 3T3 cells with SFN (6 μM) significantly attenuated the cytotoxicity, ROS generation and oxidative stress caused by CuO NPs. Moreover, we found that co-treatment of another antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (2 mM) also significantly attenuated glutathione depletion caused by CuO NPs but protection from the loss of cell viability due to CuO NPs exposure was not significant. We believe this is the first report showing that SFN significantly protected the BALB 3T3 cells from CuO NPs toxicity, which is mediated through generation of oxidants and depletion of antioxidants. Consequently, protective mechanism of SFN against CuO NPs toxicity was different from NAC that should be further investigated.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells through reactive oxygen species

“…These cell lines have been extensively utilized in toxicity studies. [16][17][18][19] To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by ZnO NPs, we have further utilized the human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting techniques were used to determine both the mRNA and protein levels of p53, bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3 genes involved in apoptotic pathways.…”

Activation of Erk and p53 regulates copper oxide nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in keratinocytes and fibroblasts

“…Several studies reported that CuONP induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in different cells, 10,13,18,32 including keratinocytes 16 and fibroblasts. 33 For example, Alarifi et al reported that CuONP induced dosedependent cell death and ROS generation in keratinocytes. 16 Considering that ROS generation would activate Erk, 29,34,35 the dose-dependent Erk activation in the present work might be similarly due to CuONP-induced ROS generation.…”

γ-Hydroxybutyrate (Xyrem) ameliorates clinical symptoms and neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

“…The viability of SH-SY5Y cells was determined using MTT assay to test the Ab 1e40 peptides (Akhtar et al, 2012) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay to test the Ab 1e42 peptides (Sigma, St-Louis, MO, USA). In the 2 series of experiments, 6 Â 10 4 SH-SY5Y cells/well were seeded in 96-well plates and repeatedly treated or not with GHB 1 mM in the presence or absence of thiorphan 50 mM during 2 days.…”