Protective effects of a triple‐fermented barley extract (FBe) against HCl/EtOH‐induced gastric mucosa damage in mice

Abstract

This study was designed to observe the possible protective effects of a triple‐fermented barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) extract (FBe) obtained by saccharification and using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Weissella cibaria in alleviating gastric damage induced by a hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethanol (EtOH) mixture in mice. After oral administration of FBe (300, 200, and 100 mg/kg) followed by 1 hr before and after the single treatment of HCl/EtOH (H/E) mixture, the hemorrhagic lesion scores, histopathology of the stomach, gastric nitrate/nitrite content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense systems including catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were observed. Following a single oral treatment of H/E‐induced gastric damages as measured by hemorrhagic gross lesions and histopathological gastric, ulcerative lesions were significantly and dose‐dependently (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) inhibited in mice, when all three different doses of FBe were administered as compared to those in H/E control mice. In particular, FBe also increased gastric nitrate/nitrite content and strengthened the antioxidant defense, with a decrease in the level of gastric lipid peroxidation, but increased the activities of CAT and SOD. Moreover, the effects of FBe are comparable to that of ranitidine, a reference drug. The obtained results suggest that this fermented barley extract prevented mice from H/E‐induced gastric mucosal damages through the suppression of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress‐responsive free radicals. Thus, FBe can be useful to treat patients suffering from gastric mucosal disorders as a potent food supplement, and thereby, it would increase the necessity of application in the food industry.

Gastroprotective Effects of Fermented Lotus Root against Ethanol/HCl-Induced Gastric Mucosal Acute Toxicity in Rats

“…The normal control and model control groups were treated with an equal volume of deionized water by oral gavage. Ranitidine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a reference gastroprotective drug and H 2 histamine receptor antagonist [17,20]. The rats in the treatment group were orally administered 1 mL of the test substances (ranitidine or fermented lotus root) dissolved in distilled water, consecutively for 14 days.…”

“…The individual gastric tissues (between cardiac and pylorus, the fundus) were sampled and fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin for 24 h. We performed paraffin embedding, sectioning (3-4 µm in thickness), and staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for the general histopathology examination under a light microscope (Olympus PROVIS AX70; Tokyo, Japan) and NIS-Elements BR software (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). For the histological index, the percentage of invaded lesions for each rat was calculated with the following formula (Equation (3)) [17,18]:…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the protective effects of lotus root in a gastric mucosal damage rat model. An alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model has been commonly used to study both pathogenesis and therapies for human ulcerative disease [17][18][19]. This is an effective experimental model to evaluate the gastroprotection of a tested compound.…”

Macro and Microscopic Gastroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Extract on the Gastric Ulcer Experimentally Induced by Alcohol

“…Gastric lesions are mostly due to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol drinking, and tobacco smoking [3,4]. Intake a lot of ethanol causes necrotic lesions in the mucosal layer of the stomach by producing acute hemorrhagic lesions, mucosal edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, that lead to weakened defensive agents like HCO 3 secretion and mucus production [5,6]. Thus, alcoholinduced gastric injury is a valuable design for the estimate of alcohol-induced pathological variations in gastric mucosa [6,7].…”

“…activity of Parkia speciosa ethanolic leaf extract against an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. PloS one, 2013.8(5). 9.…”