Protective effects of Amaranthus hybridus against aflatoxin B₁and fumonisin B₁-induced genotoxicity in H4IIE-luc cells

Abstract

Aim: Protective effects of aqueous extract of Amaranthus hybridus against afl atoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and/or fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) on the H4IIE-luc cell line were determined by use of the methyl thiazol tetrazolium viability assay and disruption of DNA integrity. Methods: H4IIE-luc cells were incubated with different concentrations of AFB 1 and/or FB 1 for 24 and 48 h with or without aqueous extract of A. hybridus. Results: AFB 1 decreased the viability of cells after 24 and 48 h of exposure. EC 50 values for AFB 1 were 10.5 and 1.8 μmol/L for the two periods, respectively. When the 48 h exposure to mycotoxin repeated with a pre-treatment of 20 and 40 μg/mL extract of A. hybridus, the EC 50 changed to 3.88 and 7.67 μmol/L, respectively. H4IIE-luc cells exposed to FB 1 for 24 h responded more than those incubated for 48 h. Cells treated with a combination of AFB 1 and FB 1 were less viable with a signifi cant decrease in the greater concentration. The mixture of AFB 1 and FB 1 resulted in a signifi cant threat to H4IIE-luc as indicated by the absence or appearance of new bands in random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA analysis, which demonstrated damage to DNA. The protective effects were probably due to greater content of total phenolics, carotenoids, β-carotene, folic-, linolenic-, linoleic and palmitic acids, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium observed in the extract. Conclusion: Exposure to 40 μg/mL of extract of A. hybridus protected cells from damage to DNA by stabilizing DNA. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Amaranthus hybridus L.: Ancestral Andean Food Security and Modern Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

“…Adewale and Olorunju showed a hepatoprotective effect against arsenite-induced cancer in rats [130]. The effect is also evident against aflatoxin and fumonisin damage in rat hepatic cells and is attributed to antigenotoxic phytochemicals and minerals: "phenolics, carotenoids, folic-, linolenic-, linoleic and palmitic acids, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium" [131]. This is in line with other chemoprotective effects attributable to antioxidant properties, for example, against imidacloprid [132].…”

Current Knowledge of Individual and Combined Toxicities of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 In Vitro

“…Among these components, Amaranthus hybridus, Resveratrol, and Momordica charantia have been reported the mitigation capability of both toxicity in different ways (Figure 4). Amaranthus hybridus (traditional African vegetable) extract was reported a protective effect against AFB1 and FB1 that induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage and induced genotoxicity in hepatoma cells [106,107]. Resveratrol, mainly derived from peanuts, and grapes, could also alleviate AFB1-induced cytotoxicity, including the increase in ROS, the decrease in MMP and apoptosis and exhibiting a good regulatory effect on components of the Nrf2 signaling pathway (including Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1, HO-1, SOD2 and HSP70) in bovine mammary epithelial cells [68].…”