Protective Effects of Antioxidants on Paraquat-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Mice

Nagano, Nobuo; Yagi, Mikio; Nishikori, Koji

doi:10.1254/jjp.59.481

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…18,[61][62][63] The present study therefore clearly shows that PQ has a harmful influence on the renal tissues and caused alterations in the levels of metabolic markers of kidney functions. Vitamin C has also been shown to offer protection against toxic insults 64,65 as indicated in the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Articlesupporting

confidence: 70%

The preventive effect of vitamin C on the cellular and functional integrity of kidney cells in rats following repeated exposure to paraquat

et al. 2014

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Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridylium herbicide that is applied around trees in orchards and between crop rows to control broad-leaved and grassy weeds. Its oxidation results in the formation of superoxides which causes damage to cellular components. In this study, we determined the antioxidant effect vitamin C has on the cellular integrity of kidney function in rats following repeated exposure to PQ. Ninety-six male rats, grouped twelve rats per subgroup (A, A vit.c , B, B vit.c , C, C vit.c , D and D vit.c ) were intraperitoneally injected with different sublethal increasing doses (0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6 and 6 mg/kg body weight) of PQ respectively on biweekly (14 days) intervals over a period of three months (84 days). Subsequently, the subgrouped animals (A vit.c , B vit.c , C vit.c and D vit.c ) were maintained orally with 1 g/L vitamin C, while the other subgrouped animals (A, B, C and D) received drinking water with negligible vitamin content throughout the study period. At the end of each monthly (28 days) treatment, four animals per subgroup were selected. Urine samples were collected from each of the selected rats, after which each of the animals were anaesthetized with gaseous isoflurane and 5 mL of blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture procedure. The animals were later decapitated and their kidneys harvested. The samples collected were analyzed for urine [specific gravity (SG), pH, protein and glucose], blood (urea, creatinine, total protein and glucose), and the histological studies on kidney slides. The dose and exposure-time dependent PQ toxicity resulted in the reduction in urinary pH, elevation in urinary SG, and the detectable presence of protein and glucose in urine. It also caused marked elevation in serum urea and creatinine levels with reduction in serum protein and glucose levels and alterations in the cellular integrity of the renal architecture, especially the glomeruli and tubular tissues. Treatments on the PQ insulted animals with vitamin C resulted in the significant presentation of biochemical and histological values that were a complete reversal or near normalization in the parameters assayed, except the urinary pH which presented with more acidic values (vitamin C is acidic in solution). Vitamin C treatment significantly brought down the urine SG level to normal or near normal. It caused near or total disappearance of protein and glucose in urine, reduction in serum urea and creatinine concentration and elevation or normalization of serum total protein and glucose values with restoration of the renal function of treated rats. These findings clearly show that vitamin C has an important role to play in the body's antioxidant defense system. Its use caused normalization of the biochemical and histological parameters studied and restored the health status of the affected animals.

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Section: Articlesupporting

confidence: 70%

The preventive effect of vitamin C on the cellular and functional integrity of kidney cells in rats following repeated exposure to paraquat

et al. 2014

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“…In the early reports of vitamin E therapy against AKI, a single administration of vitamin E was used to treat the disease [34][35][36]. However, it was also reported by some scientists that a single vitamin E administration did not have a beneficial effect on the prevention and severity of AKI, as the oxidative stress in the kidney tissue could not be absolutely related to renal dysfunction in some AKI models [22,37].…”

Section: Development Of New Therapy Modes With Vitamin E Against Akimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of vitamin E against acute kidney injury

Liu

Feng

Wang

et al. 2015

BME

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Abstract. It has been well-known for many years now that vitamin E is an essential nutrient; however, some of the physiological functions of this vitamin are still far from being understood. In recent years, a series of preclinical and clinical studies proposed a protective role of vitamin E on acute kidney injury (AKI), which has a high morbidity rate and mortality rate in clinical investigations. Based on the benefits associated with vitamin E, such as strong antioxidant function, low toxicity, rare side-effects, and low cost, this therapy strategy has garnered an extensive amount of interest in the scientific community for the development of new therapy modes against AKI. In this review, a concise overview of the application of vitamin E in the treatment of AKI is provided as well as a summary of a series of published data regarding the combination therapy modes and detailed therapy mechanisms of vitamin E-based therapy against AKI. At present, there are critical points of this therapy mode that are still in need of further clarification, meaning the current understanding of the role of vitamin E in the treatment of AKI remains incomplete. However, the development of more reliable pharmacological or biotechnical strategies with vitamin E for the eventual treatment of patients with AKI may guide the next chapter of vitamin E research.

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“…The fact that E2 did not cause any additional improvement in the survival of orx males beyond that already conferred by their orx status suggests that direct antioxidant activity of E2 had no significant impact on the outcome. Given that most of the orx males nonetheless were killed by paraquat, just at a lower rate than sham-operated males, and given that previous studies have shown antioxidant compounds are protective against paraquat (108,109), if E2 was acting as an antioxidant, it would have had an effect in the males as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect Of Gonadectomy And Estradiol On Sensitivity To Oxidative Stress

Bokov

Richardson

2009

Endocrine Research

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The sexual dimorphism of life span and caloric restriction effects in numerous species suggest that estradiol (E2) is protective against oxidative damage. The only direct test of E2's protective effect in mice against in vivo oxidative stress to date may have been confounded by E2's direct chemical action as an antioxidant because it was administered at very high dosages. Therefore, we have identified a low yet physiologically effective dose of E2. We then administered this dose using subcutaneous time-release pellets to ovariectomized mice. Two weeks after E2 pellet implantation, sham-operated, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized E2-supplemented female mice were injected with a lethal dose of paraquat and their survival was followed. It was observed that ovariectomy exacerbates paraquatinduced mortality and is rescued by E2 supplementation. An equivalent experiment was performed on sham-operated, orchidectomized, and E2-supplemented orchidectomized male mice. The survival of male mice was improved by orchidectomy, and E2 gave no further benefit. We interpret the results to mean that E2 is protective against oxidative stress through its regulatory role and that testosterone diminishes protection against oxidative stress.

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Protective Effects of Antioxidants on Paraquat-Induced Acute Renal Failure in Mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The preventive effect of vitamin C on the cellular and functional integrity of kidney cells in rats following repeated exposure to paraquat

The preventive effect of vitamin C on the cellular and functional integrity of kidney cells in rats following repeated exposure to paraquat

Protective effect of vitamin E against acute kidney injury

The Effect Of Gonadectomy And Estradiol On Sensitivity To Oxidative Stress

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