Protective effects of carnosine against protein modification mediated by malondialdehyde and hypochlorite

Hipkiss, Alan R.; Worthington, Viki; Himsworth, David T.J.; Herwig, Wolker

doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00123-2

Cited by 112 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Referring to the experiment of Hipkiss et al, 20) we made an assay system of protein degradation by ROS to evaluate the antioxidant activity of naturally occurring antioxidants. Egg white protein (Ovalbumin, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO) dissolved in buffered saline at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml was used as the target protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage

Yanai

Shiotani

Hagiwara

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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We examined the preventive activity of naturally occurring antioxidants against three reactive oxygen species using a protein degradation assay. The hydroxyl, hypochlorite, and peroxynitrite radicals are typical reactive oxygen species generated in human body. Previously, we found that hydrophobic botanical antioxidants exhibited specific antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals, whereas anserine and carnosine mixture, purified from chicken extract and vitamin C, exhibited antioxidant activities against hypochlorite and peroxynitrite radicals respectively. Since ethanol, used as a solvent in the experiments, also showed an antioxidant action against the hydroxyl radical, we reassessed antioxidant activities using aqueous solutions of botanical antioxidants. Among the seven hydrophobic antioxidants examined, ferulic acid exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity against the hydroxyl radical. An antioxidant preparation of anserine-carnosine mixture, vitamin C, and ferulic acid prevented oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. Loss of deformability in human erythrocytes and protein degradation caused by reactive oxygen species were completely inhibited.Key words: antioxidant combination; reactive oxygen species; anserine-carnosine; VC; VE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) markedly influence aging and the occurrence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cancer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage

Yanai

Shiotani

Hagiwara

et al. 2008

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…The antioxidant capacity of this compound is well documented, as well as its pH buffering, osmoregulating, and metalchelating abilities (Boldyrev, 1990). A potentially useful characteristic of CARN is its ability to act as an anti-glycating agent (Boldyrev, 2002;Boldyrev, 2005;Hipkiss et al, 1998;Hipkiss & Brownson, 2000), to quench superoxide anion and hydroxide radical (Pavlov, et al 1993;Rubtsov et al, 1991) and to neutralize 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) and other toxic aldehydes (Aldini et al, 2002, Liu et al, 2003. In order to study the efficiency of carnosine as geroprotector, senescence accelerated mice (SAM), which have increased levels of ROS and deficiency of antioxidant capacity, was used (Boldyrev et al, 2001;Yuneva et al, 2002).…”

Section: Endogenous Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Pharmacological Approaches to Therapies: Substances Tested in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Bauerová¹,

Poništ²,

Nosáľ³

et al. 2012

Rheumatoid Arthritis - Treatment

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“…There is much evidence, mostly obtained from model systems, suggesting that carnosine can suppress protein modification mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Kohen et al, 1988;Boldyrev 2005;Alhamdani et al, 2007aAlhamdani et al, & 2007b, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (Calabrese et al, 2005;Fontana et al, 2002), glycating agents (Hipkiss et al, 1995;Vinson and Howard, 1996;Seidler, 2000) and deleterious aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (Hipkiss et al 1997(Hipkiss et al and 1998a(Hipkiss et al and 1998b, hydroxynonenal (Aldini et al, 2002 and, acrolein Carini et al, 2003) and methylglyoxal (MG) (Hipkiss and Chana, 1998). Carnosine also inhibited the cross-linking of MG-modified protein with normal polypeptides (Hipkiss and Chana, 1998), most likely by forming adducts with the MG-induced protein carbonyl groups (Brownson and Hipkiss, 2000).…”

Section: Carnosine and Post-synthetic Protein Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the enigma of carnosine’s anti-ageing actions

Hipkiss¹

2009

Experimental Gerontology

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Carnosine ( -alanyl-L-histidine) has described as a forgotten and enigmatic dipeptide. Carnosine's enigma is particularly exemplified by its apparent anti-ageing actions; it suppresses cultured human fibroblast senescence and delays ageing in senescence-accelerated mice and Drosophila, but the mechanisms reponsible remain uncertain. In addition to carnosine's well-documented anti-oxidant, anti-glycating, aldehyde-scavenging and toxic metal-ion chelating properties, its ability to influence the metabolism of altered polypeptides, whose accumulation characterises the senescent phenotype, should also be considered. When added to cultured cells, carnosine was found in a recent study to suppress phosphorylation of the translational initiation factor eIF4E resulting in decreased translation frequency of certain mRNA species. Mutations in the gene coding for eIF4E in nemtodes extend organism lifespan, hence carnosine's anti-ageing effects may be a consequence of decreased error-protein synthesis which in turn lowers formation of protein carbonyls and increases protease availability for degradation of polypeptides altered postsynthetically. Other studies have revealed carnosine-induced upregulation of stress protein expression and nitric oxide synthesis, both of which may stimulate proteasomal elimination of altered proteins. Some anti-convulsants can enhance nematode longevity and suppress the effects of a protein repair defect in mice, and as carnosine exerts anti-convulsant effects in rodents, it is speculated that the dipeptide may participate in the repair of protein isoaspartyl groups. These new observations only add to the enigma of carnosine's real in vivo functions. More experimentation is clearly required. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 Carnosine and ageing.The naturally-occurring dipeptide carnosine ( -alanyl-L-histidine) has been described as forgotten and enigmatic (Bauer, 2005): the present paper is an attempt to rectify the former opinion, but, however only adds to the latter view. Amongst carnosine's enigmatic properties are its apparent anti-ageing actions; the dipeptide is one of a very few naturally-occurring compounds which suppresses cell senescence, induces rejuvenating effects Holliday, 1994 and, and protects against telomere shortening (Shao et al., 2004) in cultured human fibroblasts. The dipeptide also extends the life-span of senescence-accelerated mice (Yuneva et al., 1999) and Drosophila (Yuneva et al., 2002). There are many possible mechanisms by which carnosine exerts these anti-ageing actions however, some of which were summarized a decade ago (Hipkiss, 1998). Meanwhile there have been a number of publications suggesting further possible routes by which carnosine could suppress

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Protective effects of carnosine against protein modification mediated by malondialdehyde and hypochlorite

Cited by 112 publications

References 21 publications

Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage

Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage

Modern Pharmacological Approaches to Therapies: Substances Tested in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis

On the enigma of carnosine’s anti-ageing actions

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