Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on isoflurane‐induced cognitive impairment of aged mice

Abstract

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is characterized by impairment in cognitive functions in patients following anesthesia and surgery. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a plant‐derived compound possessing numerous bioactive properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of CGA in isoflurane (ISO)‐induced cognitive dysfunction of aged mice, and further identify the mechanisms involved in the protective effects of CGA. A total of 80 male C57BL/6 mice, 20‐month‐old, were randomly divided into control group, isoflurane group (ISO), and ISO + 30 mg/kg CGA group and ISO + 60 mg/kg CGA. CGA was given orally once daily for 7 days to the mice and they were exposed to ISO (1.5%; 4 h). The open‐field and Morris water maze tests were used to investigate the cognitive function of mice. Pretreatment with CGA significantly attenuated ISO‐induced cognitive impairment. The levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, nuclear p65 NF‐kB, cleaved caspase‐3, and Bax were significantly increased, while the levels of IkBα and Bcl‐2 were decreased in the hippocampus 24 h after the ISO anesthesia. All the mentioned effects induced by ISO were reversed by CGA pretreatment. Furthermore, ISO exposure induced marked downregulation of SOD, CAT, HO‐1, and NQO‐1 and elevation of MDA and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the hippocampus tissue. All these parameters were reversed by CGA treatment. Importantly, the higher dose of CGA (60 mg/kg) showed a greater neuroprotective effect. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CGA attenuates the ISO‐induced cognitive impairment via its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, and anti‐apoptotic properties in aged mice.

Neuroprotective Effects of Pulicaria incisa Infusion on Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Hippocampal Neurons

“…Chlorogenic acid (~17.8% of the total constituents of Pi infusion) is a phenolic acid, which is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid [24]. It has been ascribed neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects [24,52,53] and reported to prevent cognitive decline and neuronal damage in the hippocampus, and to protect against cognitive impairment in aged mice [54,55]. Chlorogenic acid was shown to regulate the oxidative stress-related Nrf2 pathway [56] and to stimulate the CREB pathway [53].…”

Early postoperative cognitive decline—are there any preventive strategies for surgical patients in the emergency setting?

“…Although none of them has proven a significant benefit in preventing postoperative cognitive impairments, a possible neuroprotective effect was attributed to propofol [77]. As for volatile anesthetics, there are some studies which suggest a favorable cognitive outcome when using volatile agents like sevoflurane or desflurane, or at least indicate them to be a safer alternative for patients with preexisting cognitive disorders [66,[78][79][80]. Despite the fact that the current trend in anesthesia favours opioid-free anesthesia, there is no published evidence of the impact of this technique on neurocognitive impairment [81].…”

Job Insecurity According to the Mental Health of Workers in 25 Peruvian Cities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The general public was exposed to fake news [27] and conspiracy theories [28], which generated technostress [29] and multitasking behavior [30]. The lack of clear public policies generated mental distress [31,32] and an urgency for self-care behaviors [33,34] including the use of unproven drugs [25,35,36] and medicinal plants [25,36] in part based on their knowledge and appreciation of plants containing bioactive 2 of 15 compounds [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. It has been further reported that this has impacted the vaccination intention [49].…”