Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and its Metabolites on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Alterations in Rat Brain Slices: A Comparative Study with Resveratrol

Abstract

The effectiveness of chlorogenic acid and its main metabolites, caffeic and quinic acids, against oxidative stress was investigated. Resveratrol, another natural phenolic compound, was also tested for comparison. Rat cortical slices were incubated with 200 μM H2O2 for 1 h, and alterations in oxidative stress parameters, such as 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the production of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were assayed in the absence or presence of phenolic compounds. Additionally, the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid and other compounds on H2O2-induced increases in fluorescence intensities were also compared in slice-free incubation medium. Although quinic acid failed, chlorogenic and caffeic acids significantly ameliorated the H2O2-induced decline in TTC staining intensities. Although resveratrol also caused an increase in staining intensity, its effect was not dose-dependent; the high concentrations of resveratrol tested in the present study (10 and 100 μM) further lessened the staining of the slices. Additionally, all phenolic compounds significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced increases in MDA and ROS levels in cortical slices. When the IC50 values were compared to H2O2-induced alterations, chlorogenic acid was more potent than either its metabolites or resveratrol for all parameters studied under these experimental conditions. In slice-free experimental conditions, on the other hand, chlorogenic and caffeic acids significantly attenuated the fluorescence emission enhanced by H2O2 with a similar order of potency to that obtained in slice-containing physiological medium. These results indicate that chlorogenic acid is a more potent phenolic compound than resveratrol and its main metabolites caffeic and quinic acids against H2O2-induced alterations in oxidative stress parameters in rat cortical slices.

Caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid: Evaluation of antioxidant effect and inhibition of key enzymes linked with hypertension

“…The peroxynitrite is capable of initiating lipid peroxidation, inflammation, cancer, and other pathological condition (Bates, Baker, Guerra, & Harrison, ). The observed results from this finding also agree with other studies on the inhibitory effects of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid on MDA level and their anti‐inflammatory effects during wound healing in experimental animals (Bagdas et al, ; Gul, Demircan, Bagdas, & Buyukuysal, ). Furthermore, as revealed in Figure , caffeic and chlorogenic acid also exhibit NO radical scavenging ability, which can prevent peroxynitrite formation, reduce the potential for lipid peroxidation in the heart, and protect the heart membrane integrity.…”

Cytoprotective effect of chlorogenic acid against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells through PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway

“…Therefore, it is tempting to suggest that exogenous administration of antioxidants should be investigated as a potential approach to protect cells against ROS for the treatment of osteoporosis. Previous studies have revealed the antioxidant effect of CGA, effectively scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation [25, 30, 31]. Recent report demonstrated that CGA efficiently inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and ameliorates hormone-induced femoral head necrosis [32].…”

The Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Acids: Molecular Mechanism of Action

“…amelioration of the decrease of MDA and ROS levels in rat cortical slices after the H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress [43]. …”