Protective effects of Egyptian cloudy apple juice and apple peel extract on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory status in diabetic rat pancreas

Abstract

BackgroundApples possess rich content of varied polyphenolic compounds showing a variety of biological activities that may ascribe to worthy effects against some chronic diseases. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of the cloudy apple juice (CAJ) and apple peel extract (APE) of Egyptian Anna apple on the complications in experimental diabetes.Materials and methodsFour groups were studied. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) to only three groups of albino Wistar rats. Two of the diabetic groups received either CAJ or APE for 21 days. At the end of the study, lipid profile parameters were measured in serum while lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, antioxidant enzyme activities and inflammatory markers were evaluated in pancreas tissue samples. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of phenolic compounds found in CAJ and APE was carried out. Moreover, total phenolic content of CAJ and APE were measured.ResultsThe significant increase of blood glucose level, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, in addition to tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels, but a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the activity of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes were the remarkably parameters observed in diabetic control rats. Dissimilarly, oral supplementation of 15 ml/kg CAJ and 1 g/kg APE for 21 days resulted in a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and tissue MDA, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 levels coupled with a significant elevation of HDL-C and antioxidant enzymes’ activity when compared with diabetic control animals.ConclusionsThe results indicate that Egyptian CAJ and APE supplementation may have protective effects against deleterious complications of diabetes mellitus.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Standardized Extracts from an Ancient Italian Apple Variety (Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini) against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…), one of the most widely obtainable fruits, contains phenolic compounds belonging to the following classes: flavan-3-ols/procyanidins (catechin, epicatechin and procyanidins A, B), flavonols (quercetin derivatives), dihydrochalcones (phloretin and its glycosylated form phloridzin) and hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic acid) [1,3]. Furthermore, it is known as a good source of triterpene acids, especially in the peel, such as ursolic, annurcoic and oleanolic acids [1,3,4].…”

“…Literature data from clinical in vitro and in vivo experiments and overall research suggest that apple consumption may be beneficial for the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cell signaling effects [4]. Thus, the exposure to apples' constituents derived from dietary consumption has been associated with beneficial effects on the risk, markers, and etiology of several degenerative diseases [5].…”

“…Apple peel extract (APE) and apple pulp extract (APP) have shown beneficial effects in acetic-acid-induced colitis, decreasing serum levels of triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats [4,6]. In addition, they displayed anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of NF-kB activity, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines expression and improvement of antioxidant enzymes [4,7].…”

Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Ameliorates Infrasound-Induced Central Nervous System (CNS) Injury by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Capacity

“…Infrasound can affect the liver and cause the increase of lipid peroxidation [25,26], which results in the changes of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [27,28]. Further work also showed that 2 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity infrasound exposure increased lipid peroxidation in the kidneys [29].…”

Apple as a source of dietary phytonutrients: an update on the potential health benefits of apple

“…1)) (References in Table 1: Anti-cancer: Delphi et al, 2015[5]; Walia et al, 2014[28]; Schiavano et al, 2015[25]; Hung et al, 2015[10]; Li et al, 2014[21]; Kao et al, 2015[16]; Qiao et al, 2015[23]; Jedrychowski et al, 2010[12]; Le Marchand et al, 2000[19]; Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects: Jiang et al, 2016[14]; Sun et al, 2016[26]; Sampath et al, 2016[24]; O'Neil et al, 2015[22]; Bouderbala et al, 2016[2]; Fathy and Drees, 2016[7]; Dange and Deshpande, 2013[4]; Knekt et al, 2002[17]; Anti-inflammation: Jensen et al, 2014[13]; Espley et al, 2014[6]; Lee et al, 2014[20]; Hepato-protective: Cheng et al, 2014[3]; Krajka-Kuźniak et al, 2015[18]; Antigenotoxicity: Gomes de Moura et al, 2015[8]; Reduction of cardiotoxicity: Vineetha et al, 2014[27]; Etc. : Hodgson et al, 2016[9]).…”