Protective effects of Gamma Oryzanol on distant organs after kidney ischemia-reperfusion in rats: A focus on liver protection

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main clinical concern resulted from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Ample clinical data indicates that AKI is associated with distant organ dysfunctions and poor patients’ outcomes. Oxidative stress and inflammation have a critical role in the pathogenesis of organ injuries following IRI. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of Gamma Oryzanol (GO), extracted from rice bran oil, on distant organs in rats after IRI. Methods: Twelve out of 24 Wistar rats were treated by one dosage of GO (100mg/kg) 1 h before I/R induction through both oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection. Then, the AKI model rats were induced by IRI. Oxidative stress and antioxidant protein levels were assessed in the brain, heart, and liver tissues in the experimental groups. Furthermore, the effects of GO on IRI-induced liver dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation were measured by Western blot. Results: GO pretreatment could significantly restore the levels and activity of antioxidant proteins in the brain, heart, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, GO pretreatment could decrease the inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the liver (P < 0.01). By reducing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and down-regulating caspase-3, GO could significantly diminish apoptosis in the liver tissue after the kidney I/R (P < 0.01). Additionally, GO could significantly diminish the deterioration of liver function in the kidney I/R model. Conclusion: GO protects distant organs against renal IRI-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, it ameliorates liver function and remarkably exerts anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic roles in the liver as an important detoxifying organ.

Oryzanol Ameliorates DSS-Stimulated Gut Barrier Damage via Targeting the Gut Microbiota Accompanied by the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Cascade Response In Vivo

“…No adverse effect was observed at doses of 2000 mg/kg/day to SD rats . Besides, the dose of 100 mg/kg/day ORY given to rats showed an excellent protective effect, such as gastric ulcer, lung inflammation, and liver injury. , But the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ORY remains unclarified.…”

“…29 Besides, the dose of 100 mg/kg/day ORY given to rats showed an excellent protective effect, such as gastric ulcer, lung inflammation, and liver injury. 30,31 But the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ORY remains unclarified. An integrated gut barrier is critical to gut health.…”

Prazosin Treatment Protects Brain and Heart by Diminishing Oxidative Stress and Apoptotic Pathways After Renal Ischemia Reperfusion

“…In the medical setting, renal IR injury is among the most prevalent causes of AKI, associated with remarkably distant organ dysfunction including vital organs 11 . Since prominent hallmarks of IRI-induced injury in the renal tissue and also other distant organs are oxidative stress and inflammation, interventions that target and improve this signs would be beneficial in reduction of the pathological effects of I/R damage 5 39 . In the current investigation, prazosin pretreatment shows significant improvement in the antioxidant capacities of heart and brain tissue against renal I/R-related oxidative hazard.…”

“…To determine the effect of prazosin on apoptosis cascade in cardiac and cerebral tissue, apoptosis-associated factors (pro and cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax) were assessed using western-blot analysis as described previously [38,39]. Protease-inhibiting cocktail-encompassed cold PIPA lysis buffer was used to homogenize cardiac and cerebral tissues.…”

The Effect of Thyme Essential Oil on Liver Injuries Caused by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats

“…Gamma oryzanol reduced the oxidative stress caused by RIR in distant organs such as the brain, heart, and liver by increasing the antioxidant defense potential. This antioxidant reduced inflammation and apoptosis in the liver tissue and improved the function of this organ [ 26 ]. Also, during a study, the administration of naringenin reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and liver tissue damage caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion [ 27 ].…”