Protective Effects of Grape Molasses and Resveratrol Against DMBA Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Ovarian Tissues

Abstract

The polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene), trans-resveratrol is a natural phytoalexin that exists in many different foods such as grape peel and seed, peanut, mulberry and blueberry. Molasses is a natural food obtained by boiling and concentrating fruit juices known to be rich in minerals such as iron, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium, and phosphoric acid, formic acid, organic acids and some vitamins. Polyphenolic compounds are natural antioxidants and are known to have protective effects against tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of grape molasses and resveratrol on ovarian damage induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). Methods: A total of 42 old female Wistar Albino rats, aged 18 weeks were divided into six groups. 10 mg/kg DMBA was injected in the rats in DMBA group subcutaneously on day 0 and day 7 while grape molasses feed with 20% grape molasses was given along with DMBA application to the rats in DMBA + grape molasses group. Resveratrol was administered by subcutaneous injection at 10 mg/kg/day to the DMBA + Resveratrol group, while only feed with 20% grape molasses was given to the grape molasses group. Resveratrol was administered by subcutaneous injection at 10 mg/kg/day to the resveratrol group. Results: GSH activity between the control group and molasses group, DMBA and DMBA + molasses groups and the control group and the DMBA + grape molasses groups was found statistically significant. Regarding the NO activity, the difference between the DMBA and resveratrol groups, DMBA and DMBA + resveratrol groups and the grape molasses and resveratrol groups was found statistically significant. MDA activity between DMBA + resveratrol and DMBA + grape molasses groups, and DMBA + grape molasses and grape molasses groups was found statistically significant. Conclusion: Molasses as one of the most important nutrient sources of Eastern and Central Anatolia was observed to decrease ovarian tissue oxidative damage induced with DMBA compared to resveratrol.

DMBA-Induced Kidney Dysfunction: Effects of Supplementary Dietary Vitamin K in Rats

“…The percentage increases were by 88.2 and 27.2 (in the serum) and 39.0 and 32.6 (in the kidney) respectively. These increments in the serum and kidney of rats exposed to DMBA, following the depletion of antioxidants, are unsurprising and have been similarly reported by Krishnamoorthy and Sankaran 28 and Kiran et al 1 These authors also implicated DMBA-induced oxidative stress as the underplaying mechanism. However, supplementation with vitamin K significantly(p<0.05) reduced the DMBA-induced elevations in oxidative damage markers (NO and MDA) as compared to DMBA + normal diet group [by 63.0 and 23.9% (in the serum), and 18.3 and 13.5% (in the kidneys) respectively].…”

“…DMBA and its metabolites have been reported to induce the production of free radicals such as intracellular hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals and other ROS. 1,29 The ROS produced can move from the initial site of production to other sites or spread the injury to intact cells, propagating oxidative chain reactions, leading to several injurious effects. 30 To curtail this, the body uses antioxidants to react with these reactive species, and in the process, the cellular antioxidants may become depleted.…”

“…36 Accompanying DMBA-induced oxidative damages are modifications of cellular constituents (either by the reactive species themselves or products of oxidative damage like MDA), resulting in loss of function, which culminates in impaired cellular function and eventual organ failure. 1,5 Once the kidney is damaged or its function impaired, metabolites that should be normally filtered out from the blood into the urine are not (leading to decreased concentrations of these metabolites in the kidneys), but instead, enter back into circulation (accumulating in the blood). 37 These proposed events may, thus, account for the observed increase of K + , Na + , urea, and creatinine in the blood, with a concomitant decrease in the kidneys.…”

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DMBA (7,anthracene), a member of the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is an immune-suppressor and potent organ-specific pro-carcinogen and pre-mutagenic. 1 Recent data submits that DMBA provokes the generation of free radicals such as intracellular hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that potentiate lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and exhaustion of the cellular antioxidant capacities, as well as disruption of a variety of biochemical pathways. 1,2 The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to DMBA-induced toxicities.

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“…1 Recent data submits that DMBA provokes the generation of free radicals such as intracellular hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) that potentiate lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and exhaustion of the cellular antioxidant capacities, as well as disruption of a variety of biochemical pathways. 1,2 The kidneys are particularly vulnerable to DMBA-induced toxicities. They are metabolically active and receive a quarter of cardiac output (despite weighing below 1% of total body weight).…”