Protective Effects of Honey and Spirulina Platensis on Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

Abstract

Background: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes increased lipid peroxidation, decreased intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and ultimately mucosal disruption and ulceration. Several studies have confirmed the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of Spirulina Platensis (SP), edible blue -green algae, in various inflammatory diseases. In addition, natural honey, a source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, is a powerful antioxidant, which can help prevent chronic oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation. Objectives: In this study, we examined and compared the protective effects of SP and honey on ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid (AA) in rats. Methods: Forty male rats were allocated into five groups (N = 8) and received pretreatment for 32 consecutive days. The administrations were as follows: group 1 (control) and group 2 (AA-colitis group): normal saline, group 3: 1 ml honey/day, group 4: 1 ml honey/day plus 1 g/kg SP, and group 5: 1 g/kg SP. Colitis was induced on the 30th day in groups 2 to 5. On day 32, the clinical activity was determined and anesthetized animals were sacrificed. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), colonic tissues myeloperoxidase (MPO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and colonic weight/length ratio were determined. In addition, histopathological changes of the colon were observed microscopically.

A Novel Role of Dapagliflozin in Mitigation of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Modulation of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1)/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB)/Interleukin-18 (IL-18)

“…These results are consistent with a previous study [ 33 ], which revealed that 100 mg canagliflozin every other day improved endothelial function in diabetic patients with suspected coronary disease through decreased markers of inflammation. Furthermore, the present study reported that AA inducing marked oxidative stress with significantly elevated MDA and reduced TAC in colonic tissue, which is in harmony with a previous study [ 34 ]. In another study, intrarectal administration of 3% v / v AA increased colonic MDA and decreased colonic TAC due to increased production of oxidant radicals and generation of excessive ROS, which induced damage of biologic molecules of cellular components [ 35 ].…”

Impact of dietary Spirulina (arthrospira) platensis on growth performance, gene expression and antioxidant status of quail challenged with salmonella enteritidis.

“…Cphycocyanins and β-carotene contained in Spirulina can block NF-κB activity and thus suppresses TNF-α [38]. Moreover, β-carotene also inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 in stimulated macrophages by suppressing their transcription [39].…”

“…Dietary Spirulina supplementation significantly decreased the level of MDA values and increased activity of SOD and GPX in both non challenged treated groups (G2 and G3) and in challenged treated groups (G5 and G6) as compared to the control negative group (G1) and control positive group (G4) respectively (Table 7). There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the level of SOD and GPX G. Abd El-Dayem et al 2021/ Effect of Spirulina platensis in quail Mans Vet Med J 22:2 (2021) [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] with an increased dietary level of spirulina inclusion from (1-2 g).…”

Nutrients in the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…Rezaei et al reported that feeding rats with honey (which contains phenols and flavonoids) and Spirulina Platensis (containing antioxidants) may protect against UC development induced by acetic acid. The supplementation of polyphenols influences, for instance, the downregulation of various inflammatory pathways [ 130 ].…”