Protective Effects of Miswak (Salvadora persica) against Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Abstract

Gastric ulcers are among the most broadly perceived illnesses affecting individuals. Alcohol consumption is the main cause of gastric ulceration. This study assessed the protective effects of Salvadora persica (SP) extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and elucidated the conceivable underlying mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 40 rats were allotted into 4 equal groups (control, ethanol- (EtOH-) treated, and SP-treated “SP200 and SP400” groups). The control and EtOH-treated groups were given phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and both the SP200 and SP400 groups were given SP extract dissolved in PBS at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., respectively. All treatments were given orally for 7 constitutive days. On the 8th day, all rats were fasted for 24 h followed by oral gavage of PBS in the control group and chilled absolute ethanol solution (5 ml/kg b.w.) in the EtOH- and SP-treated groups to induce gastric lesions. One hour later, the rats were sacrificed and the stomachs were harvested. Gross and microscopic examinations of the EtOH-treated group showed severe gastric hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, destruction of epithelial cells, and reduced glycoprotein content at the mucus surface. These pathological lesions were defeated by SP extract treatment. Administration of SP extract modulated the oxidative stress and augmented the antioxidant defenses. The elevated ethanol-expressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) genes, as well as bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were diminished in the SP-treated group. Curiously, SP extract upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene expression comparable to that of the EtOH-treated rats. Aggregately, SP exerted antiulcer activities in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat models via modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, mitigation of proinflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis, as well as remodeling of both NOS isoforms.

Effectiveness ofOpuntia ficus indicaL.inermisSeed Oil in the Protection and the Healing of Experimentally Induced Gastric Mucosa Ulcer

“…Our results are consistent with previous studies that have reported the ulcerative effect of orally applied ethanol on gastric mucosa [41–44, 46–48]. It induces disruptions in gastric mucosal integrity, epithelial cellular exfoliation, mucosal friability, inflammation, and local hemorrhage due to intensive microvascular changes.…”

“…Some fixed vegetable oils extracted by various processes (solvent, supercritical CO 2 , and cold pressure) have been proven to heal skin wounds [48–52]. In a previous work, we showed the effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica oil (OFI oil) extracted by cold pressing on the healing of full-thickness skin injury, as well as its antimicrobial effect against bacteria, yeast, and fungi [53].…”

Quercetin Attenuates Pancreatic and Renal D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Oxidative Alterations in Rats

“…The first-strand cDNA was achieved using the HiSen Script cDNA (iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc.) package. Specific primers were used to amplify selected genes with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a stable housekeeping gene ( Table S3 [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]). mRNA expression was achieved using a real-time Strata gene MX3005P PCR (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and TOP real TM PreMIX SYBR Green qPCR master blend (cat.…”

Protective effects of aqueous extracts of some honeys against HCl/ethanol‐induced gastric ulceration in rats

“…Nitric oxide is an important signal molecule and vasodilator agent, produced from L‐arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Inducible NOS (iNOS)‐derived NO shows a positive effect on ulcer, whereas endothelial NOS (eNOS)‐derived NO has a negative effect via the formation of ROS on gastric ulcer (Lebda et al, ). NO has gastroprotective properties by regulating gastric pH and increasing blood flow (vasodilation effect).…”