Protective effects of nanoparticulate coenzyme Q10 and curcumin on inflammatory markers and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a possible remedy to diabetic complications

Abstract

Diabetes and its complications have been linked to increased levels of free radicals and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines and to an altered lipid profile. Coenzyme Q10 and curcumin are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents but are underutilized clinically because of their poor bioavailability when administered orally. We have recently developed poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles in which we have encapsulated coenzyme Q10 and curcumin to increase the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the antioxidant molecules. These formulations when tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrated protective effects on inflammatory markers as well as lipid metabolism. Coenzyme Q10 nanoparticulates reduced only C-reactive protein levels, whereas curcumin nanoparticles reduced levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Administration of both nanoparticulates resulted in significant reductions of plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Together, these data indicate the promise of coenzyme Q10 and curcumin in diabetes when delivered through nanoparticulate formulations.

Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin Nanoformulations

“…Diabetes is also linked to increased levels of free radicals and systemic proinflammatory cytokines that can alter lipid profiles. In a recent study, an e m p l o y e d P L G Ac u r c u m i n n a n o f o r m u l a t i o n i n streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats demonstrated reduced C-reactive protein levels, IL-6, and TNF that lead to significant reduction in plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (101). In a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse with steatosis model of insulin resistance, treatment with liposome nanoparticles inhibited proinflammatory pathways in hepatic tumor necrosis factor, inducible nitric oxide synthaseproducing dendritic cells, and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), which can reverse insulin resistance, an indication for targeting inflammatory approach for type 2 diabetes (102).…”

Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

“…Oral delivery of curcumin-loaded pluronic nanomicelles has been shown to attenuate hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, oxidative stress, and hypoinsulinemia via suppressing β cell damage, promoting β cell regeneration, and triggering the activation of PDX-1 and NK6 homeobox-1 (NKx6.1) genes beyond the values of controls [196]. Devadasu and co-workers formulated curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for oral delivery, which exhibited improved bioavailability of curcumin and better therapeutic efficacy in the management of hyperlipidaemia, and inflammation in diabetic rats [197]. An amphiphilic polymer prepared by the polymerization of methyaluminoxane (MAO), poly-(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was found to be a potential nanocarrier for encapsulating curcumin [198].…”

Are Curcuminoids Effective C-Reactive Protein-Lowering Agents in Clinical Practice? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

“…Another effect of curcuminoids that is important for cardiovascular health is reduction of CRP levels. The CRP-lowering effects of curcuminoids have been reported in several preclinical studies (Jomezadeh et al, 2012;Shin et al, 2011;Ashour et al, 2011;Devadasu et al, 2011). However, translational studies which have assessed the impact of curcuminoids supplementation on circulating levels of CRP as a surrogate marker of inflammation have yielded inconsistent results DiSilvestro et al, 2012;Panahi et al, 2012aPanahi et al, , 2012bWongcharoen et al, 2012;Chainani-Wu et al, 2012;Belcaro et al, 2010) (Table 1).…”