Protective Effects of Platelet-rich plasma for in vitro Fertilization of Rats with Ovarian Failure Induced by Cyclophosphamide

Abstract

Objective Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) contributes significantly to female infertility. Cyclophosphamide (CYC has adverse effects on folliculogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product rich in many growth factors. We evaluated the protective effect of PRP on in vitro fertilization in female rats with CYC-induced ovarian damage. Methods Twenty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control-sodium chloride 0.9%; 1 mL/kg, single-dose intraperitoneal [IP] injection); group 2 (CYC), 75 mg/kg, single-dose IP injection and sodium chloride 0.9% (1 mL/kg, single-dose IP injection); group 3 CYC plus PRP, CYC (75 mg/kg, single-dose and PRP (200 μl, single-dose) IP injection); and group 4 (PRP, 200 μl, single-dose IP injection). Results In the comparisons in terms of M1 and M2 oocytes, it was observed that the CYC group presented a significantly lower amount than the control, CYC/PRP, and PRP groups. (for M1, p = 0.000, p = 0.029, p = 0.025; for M2, p = 0.009, p = 0.004, p = 0.000, respectively). The number of fertilized oocytes and two-celled good quality embryos was found to be statistically significant between the CYC and control groups, CYC + PRP and PRP groups (p = 0.009, p = 0.001, p = 0.000 for oocytes, respectively. For embryos; p = 0.016, p = 0.002, p = 0.000). Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma can protect the ovarian function against damage caused by CYC, and, in addition, it improves oocyte count and the development of embryos as a result of oocyte stimulation during the IVF procedure.

Therapeutic roles of platelet-rich plasma to restore female reproductive and endocrine dysfunction

“…PRP can enhance the ovarian reserve by protecting ovarian granulosa cells from CYC-induced damage. Moreover, PRP can stimulate and improve oocyte count and embryo development because of oocyte stimulation during IVF ( 30 ). Rats treated with CYC exhibited substantially lower serum AMH levels than those treated with CYC + PRP.…”

“…PRP, an autologous product abundant in various growth factors, exhibits a potent antioxidant capacity and protective effects on the reproductive system, particularly in preventing ovarian damage caused by CYC and other drugs. In addition, oocyte stimulation during IVF can improve oocyte count and embryo development ( 30 ). Therefore, studying the effects of PRP in preventing reproductive organ injury is of great clinical significance.…”

“…Regardless of the specific etiology of ovarian failure, the primary cause is a deficiency in stimulating primitive follicles ( 21 ). Furthermore, impaired ovarian niche function hinders its ability to support the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells effectively ( 22 , 30 ). Studies have demonstrated that aging, POR, and POI correlate with diminished ovarian blood flow ( 16 , 41 , 57 ).…”

“…PRP may play a crucial role in the regeneration of the ovarian niche by promoting angiogenesis, follicle proliferation and growth, inhibiting apoptosis, controlling inflammation, and regulating cell migration. Indeed, PRP may significantly contribute to the recovery of ovarian angiogenesis, leading to notable improvements in AMH, FSH, and AFC levels ( 4 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 30 , 31 ). Thus, PRP can restore ovarian function in women with diverse forms of ovarian insufficiency ( Figure 3A ).…”