Protective effects of polydatin and grape seed extract in rats exposed to cadmium

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the protective role of polydatin (PD) and grape seed extracts (GSEs) against the effects of cadmium chlorine (CD) application in the rats. Forty-nine adult Wistar albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were assigned into control (saline), CD (5 mg/kg CdCI), PD (120 mg/kg PD), GSE (120 mg/kg GSE), CD + PD (5 mg/kg CdCI + 120 mg/kg PD), CD + GSE (5 mg/kg CdCI + 120 mg GSE), and CD + PD + GSE (5 mg/kg CdCI+120 mg/kg PD +120 mg/kg GSE) treatments (n = 7 per group). The treatments were administered orally for four weeks. CD accumulation was observed in all tissues studied except for the brain tissue. PD and GSE inhibited CD accumulation in erythrocytes and tissues at varying levels. The liver, kidney, brain, and testes showed extensive degenerative histopathological changes in CD group. Liver total oxidant status (TOS) in the CD group increased significantly compared to the control. TOS of kidney, brain, and testis suggested that PD and GSE did not show a strong antioxidant effect in these tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood and liver raised significantly in CD-treated rats compared to controls. PD, GSE, and their combinations increased antioxidant potential in all tissues and decreased MDA levels in blood plasma and liver. Overall, the protective effects of PD were more effective than GSE. Results suggested that although the initiation of histopathological changes was present in all tissues, the initiating factor was not the oxidative stress in the tissues studied except for the liver and blood.

Natural Products as Protective Agents for Male Fertility

“…Several studies have identified grape seed extract, grape seed pro-anthocyanidin extract, and grape juice concentrate as protective factors against cadmium toxicity. Grape seed extract and grape seed pro-anthocyanidin extract improved histopathological find-ings [132][133][134][135], increasing the diameter and normal SeT [132,135], testicular weight [132], and Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score and decreasing the apoptotic index [135]. It was also observed to increase PCNA immunoreactivity [132] and total antioxidant status (TAS) [133] in the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system and genes associated with steroidogenesis and Ki-67 expression [134], and it decreased MDA levels [133,134] and the immunoreactivity of the apoptotic regulator Bax [134].…”

“…Grape seed extract and grape seed pro-anthocyanidin extract improved histopathological find-ings [132][133][134][135], increasing the diameter and normal SeT [132,135], testicular weight [132], and Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score and decreasing the apoptotic index [135]. It was also observed to increase PCNA immunoreactivity [132] and total antioxidant status (TAS) [133] in the enzymes of the antioxidant defense system and genes associated with steroidogenesis and Ki-67 expression [134], and it decreased MDA levels [133,134] and the immunoreactivity of the apoptotic regulator Bax [134]. Grape juice concentrate treatment against cadmium toxicity demonstrated that co-administration restored the testis, epididymis, and ventral prostate weight [136] to normal levels, ameliorating tissue architecture [125,136,137], epididymis epithelium height (caput and cauda regions) [125] and improving sperm parameters such as production, counts, transit time [125], and morphology [136].…”

Role of Autophagy in Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Liver Diseases

“…Recent reports highlight that several chelating agents [10], metals [64,65], chemopreventive phytochemicals [66][67][68][69], and natural drugs [70] can reverse Cd-induced liver cytotoxicity and prevent liver damage (Figure 1). For example, the lipophilic chelating agent MiADMSA can promote the elimination of heavy metals (lead, cobalt, cadmium, manganese, iron, and copper) in the urine of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients suggesting that chelation therapy could be useful to reverse heavy metal-related health problems [71].…”

Grape seed proanthocyanidins alleviate the negative effects of dietary cadmium on pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus female x Epinephelus lanceolatus male)

“…They are oligomeric compounds formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules, and have many other activities including antibacterial, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and vasodilatory actions (Fine, 2000). In previous studies, GSPs were reported to attenuate the oxidative damage in tissue and organs, such as blood (Evcimen et al, 2020), liver (Miltonprabu et al, 2016), kidney (Nazima et al, 2015), testes (Morsi et al, 2020), brain (El-Tarras et al, 2016), pancreas (Nazima et al, 2016), and prostate (Lei et al, 2017) of rats exposed to dietary Cd. These ameliorative effects of GSPs on cadmium-induced oxidative stress were also shown in mice kidney (Chen et al, 2013) and chicken embryos (Hou et al, 2016).…”