Protective effects of pterostilbene on ulcerative colitis in rats via suppressing NF-κB pathway and activating PPAR-γ

Abstract

Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of pterostilbene on rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). We established 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis rat model. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, including control group, model group, and pterostilbene group (30 mg/kg). Disease activity index (DAI) including body weight, stool consistency, and gross bleeding was measured. The concentration of superoxide dismutases (SODs), glutathione superoxide (GSH-px), malondialdehyde (MDA), and methylpropanediol (MPO) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-17, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were also analyzed by ELISA kits. Histological evaluations of colons were conducted. The levels of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), ZO-1, and Occludin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Compared with model group, pterostilbene notably suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and MPO in serum, and markedly increased the SOD and GSH-Px activity in serum. Pterostilbene significantly attenuated macroscopic damage and histological injury, when compared with model rats. Furthermore, pterostilbene also markedly activated the expression of PPAR-γ, ZO-1, and Occludin, and suppressed the expression of NF-κB. The protective effects of pterostilbene might be associated with suppression of NF-κB and activation of PPAR-γ. Pterostilbene might be a promising therapeutic agent for colitis treatment.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Pterostilbene Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Suppression of COX-2

“…Resveratrol (polyphenol flavonoids) isolated from the skin of red grape and suggested the protective effect against various inflammatory reaction. Pterostilbene ( trans -3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene) is a stilbene, that is naturally occurring methoxylated analog of Revesterol, commonly found in blueberry ( Acharya and Ghaskadbi, 2013 ; Shi et al, 2019 ). Pterostilbene shows the higher bioactivity and bioavailability than resveratrol due to presence of two extra methyl group in the structure ( Supplementary Figure S1 ).…”

“…Pterostilbene having the bioavailability (85%) as compared to the bioavailability of revesterol (20%) in animal model. Additionally, clinical studies showed that the pterostilbene may be a potent anti-inflammatory drug against various diseases ( Acharya and Ghaskadbi, 2013 ; Shi et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ). In this experimental study, we try to explore the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of pterostilbene against the MCAO rat model.…”

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“…Pterostilbene shows the higher bioactivity and bioavailability than resveratrol due to presence of two extra methyl group in the structure (Supplementary Figure S1). The structure of pterostilbene showed the removal of two hydroxy group with two methoxy group, which increase the bioactivity and oral bioavailability and demonstrate the prolong metabolism (Wu et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017;Shi et al, 2019). Pterostilbene having the bioavailability (85%) as compared to the bioavailability of revesterol (20%) in animal model.…”

“…Resveratrol (polyphenol flavonoids) isolated from the skin of red grape and suggested the protective effect against various inflammatory reaction. Pterostilbene (trans-3,5dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene) is a stilbene, that is naturally occurring methoxylated analog of Revesterol, commonly found in blueberry (Acharya and Ghaskadbi, 2013;Shi et al, 2019). Pterostilbene shows the higher bioactivity and bioavailability than resveratrol due to presence of two extra methyl group in the structure (Supplementary Figure S1).…”

“…Pterostilbene having the bioavailability (85%) as compared to the bioavailability of revesterol (20%) in animal model. Additionally, clinical studies showed that the pterostilbene may be a potent antiinflammatory drug against various diseases (Acharya and Ghaskadbi, 2013;Shi et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2021). In this experimental study, we try to explore the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effect of pterostilbene against the MCAO rat model.…”