Protective Effects of Salicornia europaea on UVB-Induced Misoriented Cell Divisions in Skin Epithelium

Abstract

Correct orientation of cell division is extremely important in the maintenance, regeneration, and repair of continuously proliferating tissues, such as the epidermis. Regulation of the axis of division of epidermal cells prevents the apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation, and eventually the cancer. Thus, the orientation of cell division is critical for maintaining the tissue architecture. In this study, we investigated the effects of S. europaea extract on the texture of human skin and the behavior of these cells during skin morphogenesis. In sun-exposed skin, S. europaea improved the texture. A multilayered, highly differentiated in vitro skin model indicated that, S. europaea extract suppressed the UVB-induced changes in the morphology of basal keratinocytes. Orientation of cell division was determined by measuring the axis of mitosis in the vertical sections of our experimental model. Analyses of the digital images revealed that S. europaea preserved the axis of division of basal keratinocytes from UVB-induced perturbations. Our findings uncover a new mechanism by which S. europaea responds to the spindle misorientation induced by UVB.

Pharmacological Insights into Halophyte Bioactive Extract Action on Anti-Inflammatory, Pain Relief and Antibiotics-Type Mechanisms

“…In 2014, Qu et al [ 61 ] suggested that the usage of CGA may exert analgesic action by modulating acid-sensing ion channels (ASICS) in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons [ 67 ]. The effect of plant extracts and secondary metabolites on itch or skin diseases is a topic that needs to be further evaluated, although a recent study looking into the effect of the prolonged application of S. europaea -based cream on sunburned skin of women showed that eight weeks of treatment can improve skin structure and texture, helping the recovery from topical induced sunburn [ 62 ].…”

“…This suggests that HCAs can be exploited as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory agents, preservatives and hyperpigmentation-correcting ingredients [61]. Recent findings suggest that the reversal of UVB-induced damages to skin may be prevented by the protecting effects of aqueous extracts of S. europaea affecting basal keratinocytes [62]. [61].…”

2‐O‐Octadecylascorbic acid represses RhoGDIβ expression and ameliorates DNA damage‐induced abnormal spindle orientations

“…The positions of the two spindle poles were defined using the z‐stack images, and the spindle angle (α°) was calculated as the inverse trigonometrical function from the horizontal and vertical distances between the two spindle poles, as shown previously 20 . The metaphase spindle angle was fairly constant until cytokinesis in the stratified epithelium both in vivo and in vitro 29,30 . On the other hand, in monolayer cultured adherent epithelial cells, such as HeLa cells, the angle was reduced during anaphase (Figure S2).…”

“…There is an increasing recognition that regulated spindle orientation is important for the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. Its dysregulation is implicated in the impairment of organ structures and functions, and is related to carcinogenesis 10,30,32–35 . Our previous studies demonstrated that a RhoGDIβ C‐terminal fragment (ΔN‐RhoGDIβ) is persistently expressed in response to X‐irradiation and thereby inhibits Cdc42 activity, which leads to spindle misorientation in the irradiated cells 19 .…”

Facial Treatment with 3-O-Cetyl Ascorbic Acid for Improvement of Skin Texture: Uptake, Effectiveness, and In Vitro Carcinogenicity Assessment

“…Moreover, 2-OctadecylAA is lipophilic, as is 3-CetylAA. Therefore, a possible mechanism behind the effects of 3-CetylAA on skin texture may comprise the prevention of misoriented cell divisions, which is mediated through RhoGDIβ repression [42,43]. Another possible mechanism may involve the elimination of unfit keratinocytes, which is mediated through type XVII collagen synthesis [44].…”