Protective Effects of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside on Arsenic-induced Renal Damage and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Abstract

The naturally occurring metalArsenic (AS) poses a hazard to human health as itcan generate oxygen free radicals and oxidative stress.The build-up of free radicals may cause chronic renalinsufficiency and abrupt renal failure. The significant lignan in flaxseed, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), provides various health benefits. The current research investigates the preventive benefits of SDG against Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 )-induced kidney damage. Four groups of healthy Wistar rats were equally distributed and received daily injections for 5 days as follows: Group1 got injections (IP) of saline as a control; Group2 got subcutaneous (SC) injections of SDG at 10mg/kg/day; Group-3 got intraperitoneal (IP) injections of Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) at 20 mg/kg/day, and Group-4 got 20 mg/kg/day As 2 O 3 IP followed by 10 mg/kg/day SDG subcutaneously one hour later. The impact of As 2 O 3 on the kidney was measured using a variety of indicators including the Greatest Distributable, ROS levels in renal tissues, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as two renal function markers the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (CREA). Besides the histological examinations, the antioxidant molecule glutathione was evaluated, and so were the functions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) enhanced MDA generation, oxygen free radicals, and As 2 O 3 levels in kidney tissue while decreasing SODand GSH-Px activity, and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione. Moreover, serum As 2 O 3 elevated BUN and serum CREA activity. As 2 O 3 induced kidney damage, according to histopathological alterations. Interestingly, SDG treatment reduced ROS generation in serum and kidney and restored antioxidant enzyme levels. In addition, the SDG-treated rats showed significant improvement in all nephrotoxic features. According to the results of this investigation, SDG exhibited an exceptional restorative impact on Arsenic trioxide-mediated kidney cytotoxicity.