Protective effects of silver nanoparticles in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Abstract

BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the medical field, including cardiovascular. However, limited research has investigated the effect of AgNPs on the protection of myocardial infarction (MI).ObjectivesIsoproterenol (Iso)-induced MI and the cardiac protection offered by AgNPs were investigated in the present study. Additionally, we characterized the profile of Ag in the form of nanoparticles.MethodsTwenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, Iso, Iso + AgNO3, and Iso + AgNP groups. AgNPs and silver ion (AgNO3) were administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Iso induction was performed using two doses of 85 mg/kg BW given subcutaneously on days 13 and 14. Blood and cardiac tissue samples were taken 24 h after the last dose of Iso and checked for Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase in plasma along with oxidative stress parameters, mitochondria biogenesis markers, and inflammation representative genes in cardiac tissue. Additionally, we analyzed the histopathological features in cardiac tissue.ResultsThe silver was confirmed in the form of nanoparticles by its size at intervals of 8.72–37.84 nm. Both AgNO3 and AgNPs showed similar cardioprotective effects, as shown by the decrease in biochemical markers of cardiac toxicity, namely, CK-MB. Additionally, AgNPs group have better efficacy compared with AgNO3 group in ameliorating Iso-mediated oxidative stress production, as evidenced by the significant decrease in malondialdehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively) in cardiac tissue compared with the Iso group. Mechanistically, AgNPs, but not AgNO3, enhanced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha in post-MI heart and reduced the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, these results were confirmed with the histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, pretreatment with either AgNO3 or AgNPs improved the aspartate aminotransferase level.ConclusionThese results suggested that AgNPs have more superior cardioprotective effect compared with AgNO3 against Iso-induced MI, at least in part through amelioration of NF-κB expression level induced by oxidative stress overproduction.

Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Contrary to what many published articles claim, exposure to AgNPs can cause mitochondrial damage in cells, including swelling, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potentials, and apoptosis induced by the mitochondrial pathway [99]. In the case of AgNPs developed by Arozal et al [98], the formulation showed advantageous effects attributed to the green synthesized method that uses alginate. By using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activities, which are markers of cardiac enzyme leakage, they could show in this study that the administration of Iso in rats was linked to myocardial injury.…”

“…When comparing the AgNO 3 and AgNP groups to the Iso group, there was a significant decrease in CK-MB activity, suggesting that silver protects against myocardial damage. While both AgNO 3 and AgNPs improved cardiac enzyme markers, only AgNPs could reverse the histological alterations in the myocardium brought on by Iso [98].…”

“…Comparing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities of AgNPs to those of the traditional form of silver (i.e., AgNO 3 ), Arozal et al [98] examined the impact of AgNPs in the Iso-induced MI model in rats. Moreover, AgNPs will be examined between treatment groups, as they likely alter mitochondria biogenesis.…”

Metallomics in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients

“…Several previous studies have demonstrated effects of silver on hemodynamics of the left heart. Arozal et al 28 found that silver has a cardioprotective effect against myocardial infarction through the amelioration of nuclear factor kappa B expression level induced by oxidative stress overproduction. Ramirez‐Lee et al 29 demonstrated sustained vasoconstriction and increased cardiac contractility in response to silver in diabetic rats.…”

Advances in Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

“…The surface of metal nanoparticles is easy to interact with targeting agents and other molecules through hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, and electrostatic interactions, and shows higher stability and longer half-life in terms of circulation, biodistribution, and targeting target sites [ 79 ]. Arozal et al [ 80 ] used a rat model of MI induced by isoproterenol (Iso) to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles on myocardial infarction. The results showed that silver nanoparticles could reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) protein in the heart tissue, thereby protecting the myocardium from MI.…”