Protective Garments for Public Officials

Montanarelli, Nicholas; Hawkins, Clarence E.; Goldfarb, Michael A.; Ciurej, Terrance F

doi:10.21236/ada089163

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The development of standards and the manufacturing of this protective equipment for first responders have only been available since the 1970s [Montanarelli et. al 1973, NIJ 2001 Some manufacturers also produce soft armor vests that accommodate "trauma packs", which are ballistic inserts added to a vest to provide added protection.…”

Section: First Respondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career fire fighter killed and volunteer fire fighter seriously wounded when shot during a civilian welfare check - Maryland.

2018

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On April 15, 2016, a 37-year-old male career fire fighter/paramedic was killed and a 19-year-old male volunteer fire fighter was seriously wounded when they were shot after a combination fire department was dispatched for a check on the welfare of a citizen. The fire fighters were on the front porch attempting to gain entry into the single family dwelling when they were shot by the resident. At approximately 1930 hours, the county 911 center received a call from a civilian who reported that he was outside of his brother's house and his brother was not answering his phone calls or knocks on the front door. The caller reported that he had spoken with his brother earlier in the day and that his brother's vehicle was parked in the driveway in front of his house. He further stated that his brother had known medical issues. He requested assistance in gaining entry into his brother's house. Rescue Engine 827 with six volunteer fire fighters and Paramedic Ambulance 823 with two career fire fighter/paramedics were dispatched at 19:35 hours. After arriving on scene, the fire fighters met the homeowner's brother in the driveway and observed that all visible windows were covered. The fire fighters knocked on the front door, announced their presence several times and checked for an open door, however they did not perform a 360-degree walk around. After again announcing their presence, the fire fighters began to force open the front doors. Forcing both doors took 5-8 minutes with multiple strikes from three fire fighters using a halogen tool, axe and a sledge. The fire fighters forced the metal outer door but had trouble forcing the inner wooden door and ended up knocking a lower panel out of the wooden door and reaching through the hole to open the door from the inside. Four fire fighters, two medics and the homeowner's brother were standing on the small front porch and the steps in front of the door. As the door was opened the homeowner's brother entered. The homeowner fired a pistol multiple times through the open doorway striking his brother, the fire fighter/paramedic and a volunteer fire fighter. Two Fire Fighters and a civilian were shot and two other fire fighters injured when trying to perform a welfare check at this single-family residence.

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Section: First Respondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career fire fighter killed and volunteer fire fighter seriously wounded when shot during a civilian welfare check - Maryland.

2018

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“…These results have been applied to animal-human blunt traunia studies. 6 Valuable as the results are for animal-human correlation studies, we believe they are dwarfed in importance by the applications to military and dvilan medicine. The applications to the medical community are the following:…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two prognostic indices for the trauma patient

Goldfarb

Sacco

Weinstein

et al. 1977

Computers in Biology and Medicine

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“…Rib fracture also was commonly observed and reported in several animal studies of injuries caused by ballistic impacts on body armors. [7][8][9][10] No correlation has been developed specifically to predict rib fracture under high-speed impacts. On the other hand, the socalled viscous criteria, calculated as the maximum value of the chest wall velocity multiplied by the chest wall deformation, was developed for lower-speed car crash impacts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biomechanically Based Criteria for Rib Fractures Induced by High-Speed Impact

Shen

Niu

Stuhmiller

2005

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care

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Biomechanically based correlations for rib fractures induced by high-speed impact were developed from animal studies, finite-element simulations, and statistical analysis. Using subject-specific finite-element models of swine thorax developed from medical images and customized for each animal subject, simulations were conducted for animal tests. The peak motions, internal forces, stresses, and strains were calculated for individual ribs. Statistical analysis then was used to determine represented variables that were statistically significant and that better fit the test data. The findings showed that the main loading modes during impacts are local bending and shearing. Stress-based variables fit the injury data very well. Strains also were relevant, but did not correlate with the data as well as stresses. The results also indicate that motion responses, such as displacement and velocity, and internal forces are not good correlates in high-speed impacts. The regression risk curves were developed using the stresses as correlates, and the threshold values are given consistent with bone strength data.

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Protective Garments for Public Officials

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Career fire fighter killed and volunteer fire fighter seriously wounded when shot during a civilian welfare check - Maryland.

Career fire fighter killed and volunteer fire fighter seriously wounded when shot during a civilian welfare check - Maryland.

Two prognostic indices for the trauma patient

Biomechanically Based Criteria for Rib Fractures Induced by High-Speed Impact

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