Protective mechanism of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice, the metabolomics and gut microbiota investigation

Abstract

Coprinus comatus polysaccharide (CCP) has signifi cant hepatoprotective effect. To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP, the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis. Simultaneously, hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota. The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice. Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage. Metabolomics results showed that there were signifi cant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group, ALD group and CCP group, including taurine, xanthosine, fumaric acid and arachidonic acid, among others. Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism. Additionally, CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus, and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifi dobacterium in the gut of ALD mice. All these fi ndings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.

Investigating the Impact of Pineapple–Whey Protein Fermentation Products on Cefixime-Induced Intestinal Flora Dysbiosis in Mice Using 16S Sequencing and Untargeted Metabolomics Techniques

“…Furthermore, taurine can potentially be converted into L-glutamic acid through the complex taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway. Upregulation of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway has the capacity to modulate the functionality of immune cells and influence inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to regulatory effects on the host immune system, as well as promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids by the intestinal flora [ 41 ]. L-glutamic acid is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of diverse amino acids [ 41 ].…”

“…Upregulation of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway has the capacity to modulate the functionality of immune cells and influence inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to regulatory effects on the host immune system, as well as promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids by the intestinal flora [ 41 ]. L-glutamic acid is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of diverse amino acids [ 41 ]. In the present study, the succinic acid level was significantly higher in the PWF group compared with the CEF group.…”

“…The upregulation of glutathione metabolism had beneficial effects on antioxidative processes, detoxification mechanisms, and immunomodulation within the intestinal tract, which are consistent with the results obtained in the present study (Figure 9). as well as promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids by the intestinal flora [41]. L-glutamic acid is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of diverse amino acids [41].…”

“…as well as promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids by the intestinal flora [41]. L-glutamic acid is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of diverse amino acids [41].…”

Akkermansia muciniphila Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Disease in Experimental Mice by Regulating Serum Metabolism and Improving Gut Dysbiosis

“…Alcohol consumption disrupts metabolic pathways in cells, leading to liver cell damage. ALT and AST are normally stored in hepatocytes, and damage to hepatocytes can result in elevated serum ALT and AST levels [34]. At the same time, the hepatocyte metabolism is disturbed, and insulin signaling transduction is impaired, resulting in increased TG storage in liver cells [35].…”