Protective mechanisms of three antioxidants against T‐2 toxin‐induced muscle protein deterioration in shrimp

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Quercetin (Q), tea polyphenols (TP), and rutin (R) are widely used plant-derived active ingredients. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, and can reduce the muscle damage caused by mycotoxins. However, few studies have examined the protective mechanisms of quercetin, tea polyphenols, and rutin on muscle quality. To elucidate their protective mechanisms, shrimp were exposed to both T-2 toxin and these three antioxidants for 20 days in a doseescalating trial. The changes in the protein composition of shrimp muscle were measured. The target proteins associated with T-2 and antioxidants were screened and identified by non-labeled quantitative proteomics. RESULTS:The T-2 toxin induced abnormal expression of 21 target proteins, leading to the deterioration of muscle proteins in shrimp. The three antioxidants ameliorated the T-2 toxin-induced damage to muscle proteins by increasing the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein content and decreasing the alkali-soluble protein content. Quercetin had the strongest protective effect. The protective processes of these antioxidants involved the upregulation of target proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, malate dehydrogenase), protein translation (elongation factor 1-alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha), and cytoskeleton component (actin 2, fast-type skeletal muscle actin 1). Quercetin regulated the largest number of target proteins, making it the best protective agent against T-2 toxin. CONCLUSION:The T-2 toxin (4.80-24.30 mg/kg feed) induced changes in target proteins and muscle composition of shrimp, leading to a deterioration in muscle proteins. Quercetin (2.00-32.00 g/kg feed) had significant protective effects against this deterioration in muscle protein in shrimp.

Transcriptomic Insights and the Development of Microsatellite Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in the Broodstock Management of Litopenaeus stylirostris

“…These genes include adenosine deaminase , c-type lectin [ 92 ], caspase , chitinase , eukaryotic translation initiation factor , myosin light chain , ras-like GTP-binding protein Rho , relish, and serine protease (SP), which play crucial roles in disease resistance mechanisms. Numerous studies have underscored their critical role in disease resistance mechanisms [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. However, it is evident that these disease resistance-related gene markers have experienced a reduction in genetic polymorphism within the blue shrimp broodstock, likely due to recent potential inbreeding depression affecting disease resistance capabilities.…”

Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review

“…T-2 (0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5 mg/kg feed) affected shrimp muscle fatty acid and water distribution, muscle histopathology, resulting in a decrease in quality and nutritional value of shrimp ( Bi et al., 2019 ). Que (2.00 to 32.00 g/kg feed), tea polyphenols and rutin could prevent abnormal changes in the target protein (enolase, malate dehydrogenase, elongation factor 1-alpha and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha, actin 2, fast-type skeletal muscle actin 1), and muscle composition (the sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and the alkali-soluble protein) of shrimp caused by T-2 (4.80 to 24.30 mg/kg feed) and ameliorated the degree of muscle protein deterioration ( Huang et al., 2022a ). Mycotoxins in feed (containing T-2 at 320.5 μg/kg) could retard broiler growth, nutrient retention and meat quality; while the addition of 0.05% esterified glucomannan, 0.2% HSCAS or 0.1% compound mycotoxin adsorbent (CMA) prevented the adverse effects of mycotoxins on chicken meat ( Liu et al., 2011 ).…”

“… Preventing abnormal changes in the target protein and muscle composition; Reducing the degree of muscle protein deterioration. Huang et al. (2022a) Tea polyphenols and rutin Ameliorating the T-2-induced damage to muscle proteins.…”

Preparation, Biological Activities, and Application of Plant Polysaccharide Iron Complexes: A Review

“…Moreover, PIC has a certain growth promoting effect on animals such as sows, piglets, broilers, and laying hens. [ 97 ] In summary, PIC has a wide range of applications and has application value in various fields such as clinical practice, agriculture, animal husbandry, and industry.…”