Protective role of Bacopa monnieri against Rotenone- induced Parkinson’s disease in PC 12 cell lines

Abstract

<p> Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine (DA) levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. PC 12 cells originate from pheochromocytoma cells of rat adrenal medulla and share many common characteristics with substantia nigra cells. They produce DA, several growth factors, such as nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor, and express DA receptors. Hence<em>, </em>these cells are being used to study the alterations in dopaminergic neurons, in vitro, that occur during Parkinson’s disease. Since long term usage of antiparkinsonian drugs cause high incidence of pharmacoresistence and untoward side effects, attention has been paid in recent years to screen bioactive compounds from natural medicinal plants for treatment of several neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Keeping in view of relative importance of natural medicinal plants, the present study is mainly focused to characterize the anti-parkinsonian effect of <em>Bacopa monnieri </em>(BM), an Indian herb which is being extensively used in Ayurveda treatments related to neurological complications. The present study was designed to assess the neurotoxicity of rotenone on DA-producing PC12 cells and explore the possible antiparkinsonian effect of BM in comparing with Levodopa (LD) (Reference control). The survivability studies of PC 12 cell-lines were analysed using MTT assay. Pre-treatment with BM extract significantly ameliorated morphological damage, cell viability, and apoptosis of PC12 cells exposed to RT. Hence BM extract can be effectively used in the treatment of PD and other related neurological disorders.</p>

Evaluation of curcumin efficacy against rotenone toxicity in rat model of Parkinson’s disease

“…In the present study, the significant decrease in NE and 5-HT in the midbrain and striatum of rat model of PD could mediate many of the non-motor symptoms that appear in parkinsonian patients such as depression and mood disturbance [44] . The present decrease in NE and 5-HT could be attributed to the stimulatory effect of rotenone on monoamine oxidase (MAO), the monoamine metabolizing enzyme [45] . In the present study, both protection and treatment with curcumin improved the motor dysfunction induced by rotenone.…”

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“…[16] Studies have shown that exposure to rotenone altered behavioral and motor deficits, which are similar to human PD, counting muscular rigidity (catalepsy), postural instability, bradykinesia, and unsteady gait. [23] A decrease in movement, catalepsy was observed when zebrafish was exposed to rotenone at a dose of 3 pg/mL. This toxicity can be related to the mechanism of excitotoxicity induced by rotenone.…”

Bacopa monnieri Extract As a Neuroprotective and Cognitive Enhancement Agent

“…People who experience this have difficulty with cognition and mobility. Bacopa monnieri outperformed levodopa, a major medicine used to treat Parkinson's disease, in a mouse model of the condition produced by the chemical, rotenone [36,37].…”