Protective role of Codiaeum variegatum against genotoxicity induced by carmustine in somatic and germ cells of male mice

Abstract

Background Carmustine (Cr) is an important chemotherapeutic drug, widely used in the treatment of brain tumors. Herein, the protective role of Codiaeum variegatum leaves ethyl acetate fraction was determined against genotoxicity of Cr. The technique HPLC-qTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the constituents in C. variegatum. Materials 90 male mice were used to evaluate micronuclei (MPCEs) in bone marrow, chromosomal aberration (CAs) in bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes, sperm abnormalities, and gene expression (qRT-PCR). The following groups were included, I: Negative control (ethanol 30%), II: Positive control (i.p injected once with 30 mg/kg Cr), III: Control orally treated with C. variegatum at 500 mg/kg, four days. IV-VI: treated with 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of the plant (4 days) plus a single dose of Cr. Results In bone marrow, Cr induced significant increase in MPCEs and CAs by 3 and 7-folds respectively over the control. Cr also induced a significant percentage of CAs in spermatocytes in meiosis in the form of univalent (X–Y and autosomal univalent) and also a significant percentage of morphological sperm abnormalities was recorded. A large number of coiled tail abnormalities were detected indicating the effect of Cr in sperm motility. Cr induced an overexpression of p53 gene. C. variegatum mitigated all deleterious genotoxic effects of Cr. Chemical analysis showed that flavones (35.21%) and phenolic acids (17.62%) constitute the main components. Conclusions The results indicated that Cr is genotoxic in both somatic and germ cells. The active components in C. variegatum together participate in the obtained protective role.

Genotoxicity, DNA damage and sperm defects induced by vinblastine

“…The majority of chemotherapies have no selectivity to cancer cells and affect healthy body tissues where the cells are constantly growing and dividing. However, in cancer survivors, a second malignancy frequently occurs after chemotherapy, which warrants detailed genotoxicity testing of the chemotherapeutic agents [ 5 , 10 ]. Herein, a comprehensive study was performed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of vinblastine (VB) using several endpoints as biomarkers.…”

“…A major problem with cancer chemotherapy is its severe toxic effect on non-target tissues (normal cells), so the cancer patients not only suffer from an immediate side effects of cancer medications but are also subjected to an increased risk of developing secondary tumors later in life [ 10 ]. Recent studies in chemotherapy approaches claim at developing medications that eradicate cancer cells efficiently and selectively.…”

Protective Role of Quercetin on Carmustine-induced Lung Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

“…(Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. St. Louis, MO, USA) on the 7th day of the study. (Fahmy et al 2022) [17] . Group IV: Received QUE dissolved in ethanol 30% orally (100 mg/kg/day) and a single injection of i.p.…”