Protective Role of Melatonin for Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction AKI is an important clinical issue that arouses global concerns, which puzzles clinicians and lacks effective drug treatment for AKI till the present. Melatonin has been well recognized to modulate the sleep–wake cycle and had the renal protective effect. However, there are still few clinical trials investigating the relationship between melatonin and AKI. And the conclusions drawn in existing clinical studies are still inconsistent. The study systematically reviewed and assessed the efficacy of melatonin in preventing AKI. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochranelibrary on May 19, 2023. Eligible records were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were selected to evaluate the effects of melatonin on AKI. We pooled extracted data using a fixed- or random-effects model based on a heterogeneity test. Results Six randomized controlled trials regarding the use of melatonin in preventing kidney injury met our inclusion criteria. The pooled results showed that melatonin increased the eGFR, and effectively inhibited the occurrence of AKI. Melatonin tended to reduce the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions Melatonin can increase the eGFR and effectively inhibit the occurrence of AKI. More well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the protective effect of melatonin in the future.