Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios against atherosclerosis in mice

Liu, Liang; Hu, Qinling; Wu, Huihui; Xue, Yihong; Cai, Liang; Fang, Min; Liu, Zhiguo; Yao, Ping; Wu, Yong-ning; Gong, Zhiyong

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.010

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Nonetheless, a stronger effect was not observed in the best performance group among DHA/EPA groups as compared with the DHA group in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Accordingly, the ability of DHA/EPA with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1 to modulate the alteration in lipid oxidation and hepatic oxidative damage was substantial; this result is in line with an existing report showing that supplementation with PUFAs induced changes in the oxidation state [16]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Nevertheless, the best performance groups treated with DHA/EPA did not show better results than those in the DHA group. These findings seemed to contradict our previous report that indicated that serum TC and LDL-C levels were the lowest in the 2:1 DHA/EPA group, because the highest serum HDL-C content was observed in the 1:1 DHA/EPA group in apoE −/− mice [16]. These findings may be explained by the lack of apoE, a ligand for receptors that clear remnants of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins, and accumulation of apoE is expected to cause accumulation in plasma of cholesterol-rich residues [22].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…Furthermore, evidence of decreased lipid content was found in animal models treated with n-3 PUFAs [36], whereby the improvement in lipid profile was principally caused by increased fatty acid β-oxidation and suppression of fatty acid synthesis in the liver by PUFAs [37]. MDA production was remarkably decreased by PUFA supplementation, and the inhibitory effects of mixed plant oils and DHA/EPA on MDA production were shown to be significantly different [16]. In the present study, we observed increased activation of GSH and SOD, which may explain the higher antioxidant capacity [14], and decreased MDA production was observed both in serum and in the liver in the DHA/EPA groups in comparison with that in the HFC group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In NAFLD, cholesterol deposited in cytoplasmic droplets stimulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, which amplifies the local inflammatory reaction and causes the production of ROS [16]. Regular intake of n-3 PUFA, mainly EPA and DHA, provides metabolic health benefits by altering the production of specific lipid biomarkers of cellular inflammation [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, our research group has previously reported that DHA and EPA from fish and algal oils are more beneficial than plant oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) at delaying atherosclerosis progression in model apoE −/− mice; an intervention with higher DHA/EPA ratios was found to be beneficial for reducing high cholesterol concentrations in the blood [16]. Nevertheless, DHA and EPA differ in their physiological functions, and a new study indicated that DHA supplementation leads to a greater reduction in specific markers of inflammation than that by an equal dose of EPA [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

et al. 2017

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BackgroundA sedentary lifestyle and poor diet are risk factors for the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the pathogenesis of hepatic lipid accumulation is not completely understood. Therefore, the present study explored the effects of dietary supplementation of various ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on a high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolism disorder and the concurrent liver damage.MethodsUsing high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice as the animal model, diets of various ratios of DHA/EPA (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) with an n-6/n-3 ratio of 4:1 were prepared using fish and algae oils enriched in DHA and/or EPA and sunflower seed oils to a small extent instead of the high-fat diet.ResultsSignificantly decreased hepatic lipid deposition, body weight, serum lipid profile, inflammatory reactions, lipid peroxidation, and expression of adipogenesis-related proteins and inflammatory factors were observed for mice that were on a diet supplemented with DHA/EPA compared to those in the high-fat control group. The DHA/EPA 1:2 group showed lower serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, lower SREBP-1C, FAS, and ACC-1 relative mRNA expression, and higher Fra1 mRNA expression, with higher relative mRNA expression of enzymes such as AMPK, PPARα, and HSL observed in the DHA/EPA 1:1 group. Lower liver TC and TG levels and higher superoxide dismutase levels were found in the DHA/EPA 2:1 group. Nonetheless, no other notable effects were observed on the biomarkers mentioned above in the groups treated with DHA/EPA compared with the DHA group.ConclusionsThe results showed that supplementation with a lower DHA/EPA ratio seems to be more effective at alleviating high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice, and a DHA/EPA ratio of 1:2 mitigated inflammatory risk factors. These effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipid metabolism may be linked to the upregulation of Fra1 and attenuated activity of c-Jun and c-Fos, thus ultimately reducing the severity of the lipid metabolism disorder and liver damage to some extent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

et al. 2017

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Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk

Nicholls

Lincoff

Garcia

et al. 2020

JAMA

679

487

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It remains uncertain whether the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce cardiovascular risk.OBJECTIVE To determine the effects on cardiovascular outcomes of a carboxylic acid formulation of EPA and DHA (omega-3 CA) with documented favorable effects on lipid and inflammatory markers in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia and high cardiovascular risk.

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Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on quality parameters of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]

et al. 2023

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BackgroundWater stress during the growing season of the almond tree is the factor that most limits its yield. Different strategies have been studied in recent years to reduce its negative effects, such as deficit irrigation and the application of reflective spray compounds. A 3‐year experiment (2019–2021) was set in a factorial design in which the effect of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin spray was evaluated on morphological characteristics (weight, length, width, and thickness of the nut and kernel, shell thickness, kernel yield, double kernels, and damaged kernels), color properties, nutritional value (carbohydrates, fat, proteins and ash) and chemical parameters (free sugars and fatty acids profiles).ResultsIn general, the significant differences between the treatments did not have a similar trend in the 3 years of the study. Regulated deficit irrigation and kaolin had no detrimental impact on almond morphological and color characteristics. The almond free sugars concentration was relatively stable under deficit irrigation and kaolin application. On the other hand, kaolin application positively affected the synthesis of linoleic acid.ConclusionReducing the amount of irrigation water applied to almonds contributes to the sustainability of production without negatively affecting quality and even improving some quality parameters. In general, the foliar application of kaolin did not show significant differences in the evaluated morphological parameters. However, in terms of chemical composition, kaolin led to an increase in the concentration of linoleic acid and sucrose. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios against atherosclerosis in mice

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

Protective effects of various ratios of DHA/EPA supplementation on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice

Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation and foliar kaolin application on quality parameters of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]

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