Protective role of Phyllanthus fraternus in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats

Abstract

Background Phyllanthus fraternus is a pantropical weed of family phyllanthaceae , mainly found in northeast India. It has been used in the folklore medicine of Manipur tribe for treating type 2 diabetes. Objective The present study was commenced to evaluate the anti-diabetic and renoprotective potential of P. fraternus (aerial parts) in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Materials and methods Alloxan (130 mg/kg, ip) was used for the induction of diabetes in adult male wistar rats. Animals with blood glucose level greater than 280 mg/dL were treated once daily for 14 days with various test extracts. The biochemical parameters were measured from serum on the 15th day post-treatment. Necropsy samples harvested from pancreas and kidneys were examined for histopathological changes in these organs. Results Alloxan-induced diabetes not only caused significant increases in blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine and urea levels, but also provoked high oxidative stress in pancreas and kidneys. Profound morphological injuries were observed in islets of Langerhans and kidneys of diabetic animals. Administration of methanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and mother liquor (200 and 400 mg/kg) ameliorate the elevated levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol as well as other biochemical parameters, but highest reduction in blood glucose concentration was observed with the largest dose of ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) of P. fraternus . Histopathological examination of pancreas and kidneys also exhibited greater protection by treatment with acetate fraction (400 mg/kg). The HPLC analysis showed the presence of four polyphenols such as catechin, gallic acid, caffeic acid and ellagic acid in ethyl acetate fraction of P. fraternus during HPLC analysis. Conclusion The results suggest that polyphenols present in P. fraternus may be responsible for the anti-diabetic and renoprotective activity in rats. Such protective effects of could be mediated through flavonol-induced anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the pancreas and kidneys.

Reduction in Glomerular and Renal Tubular Damage in Kidneys of Diabetic Rats Supplemented with Alpha-Lipoic Acid

“…Diabetes mellitus was successfully established and maintained for 60 days after alloxane induction in a single dose of 150 mg/kg [26]. A similar fi nding was found by Singh and collaborators [38], who established hyperglycemia with an intraperitoneal injection of alloxane at a dose of 130mg/kg, but the experiment was short-lived (14 days).…”

In vivo and in vitro Hyperglycaemic Screening of Adenocalymma alliaceum Miers, A Promising Herb

“…These signs distinctly mention the diabetic character or injury to pancreatic cells. 35 EEAA showed a recovery rate of cell injury or visible changes in the pancreas's graded dose than diabetic histopathology. This information recommends that the EEAA at a high amount could be an excellent protective measure against ROS-initiated pancreatic islets toxicity.…”

Protective effect of vanillic acid against diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and upregulation of NF‐κB, TNF‐α and COX‐2 proteins in rats

“…After completion of the treatment period, the rats were placed in an individual metabolic cage for 24 hr for the collection of urine samples. The rats were then kept fasting for 12 hr and anesthetized with chloral hydrate (300 mg/kg) (Singh et al, 2020; Singh et al, 2020) to collect the blood using retro‐orbital puncture and they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Both kidneys were harvested immediately and rinsed in buffer solution (pH‐7.4).…”