Purpose: To examine the mechanism by which doxorubicin plus interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene transfer induces enhanced therapeutic efficacy against tumors. Experimental Design: Tumor-bearing mice were treated with doxorubicin, IL-12^encoding plasmid DNA, doxorubicin plus IL-12^encoding plasmid DNA, or plasmid DNA control. Doxorubicin was systemically given via i.p. injection, and IL-12 was systemically expressed via i.m. injection.To show that doxorubicin enhances the accumulation of IL-12^induced IFNg into tumors and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1)^dependent antitumor efficacy, the distribution of IFNg and the therapeutic end points, such asT-cell infiltration, inhibition of tumor vessel density, tumor growth inhibition, and inhibition of spontaneous tumor metastasis in wildtype and Stat1 -/-host and tumors were determined after the treatment at the indicated time points. Results: In this study, a novel mechanism was unveiled. We discovered that doxorubicin enhances the accumulation of IL-