Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Bewley, J. Derek

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68237-7_16

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Poly(A)+ RNA (2 Mg) was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels containing 10 (27). The 32P-labeled recombinant probe was hybridized to the RNA blot according to the method …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reprogramming of Protein Synthesis from a Developmental to a Germinative Mode Induced by Desiccation of the Axes of Phaseolus vulgaris

Misra

Bewley²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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Immature seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv Taylor's Horticultural removed from the pod at 32 days of development do not germinate unless first subjected to desiccation. Our results show that premature drying not only redirects metabolism from a developmental to a germination program but it does so permanently, thus effecting an irreversible switch. This is shown by in vitro protein synthesis, and analysis of poly(A)' mRNA with a cDNA probe specific for phaseolin message. For example, the pattern of proteins synthesized in vitro by the mRNA fraction from fresh and prematurely dried axes show strong similarities; on the other hand, the mRNA population from rehydrated axes code for a different set of proteins. Also, the message for phaseolin is preserved following the normal maturation process and premature desiccation of seeds. Following rehydration of immature seeds at the desiccation-tolerant stage, this message is no longer detectable in the axes.For most seeds, maturation drying is the terminal event in development, leading to a state of metabolic quiescence. Prior to this event, the metabolism of the seed is geared towards the completion of developmental events, in particular the biosynthesis and deposition of stored reserves. Following drying, on the other hand, the seed's metabolism is exclusively related to germination and growth; reserve deposition ceases and hydrolytic processes resulting in the degradation of the storage reserves are instituted (2,14,21,25,28 with a cloned cDNA probe for phaseolin, the major storage protein, we have shown that the changes occur in the protein profiles in response to premature desiccation of Phaseolus vulgaris. The changes are due to differences in the translatable message population between developing and germinating axes, and mimic those changes which occur during the normal course of maturation drying. MATERIALS AND METHODSPhaseolus vulgaris seeds (cv Taylor's Horticultural) were purchased from Asgrow Canada Ltd., Brantford, Ontario, and stored at 4°C. Developing seeds were harvested from plants grown under natural and artificial daylight conditions in a greenhouse. Seeds were pooled according to their developmental stages, as described by Walbot et al. (35), and used either in the fresh state or after drying in screw-cap jars over activated silica gel at room temperature for 48 h. Where required, seeds were imbibed in sterile distilled H20 in darkness at 22C. For RNA extraction, axes of imbibed mature seeds and fresh immature seeds were frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -70°C.Extraction of RNA. Bulk RNA from embryo axes was prepared by phenol:chloroform extraction (7). The plant tissue was ground to a fine powder with liquid N2 in a mortar and pestle. Two g of powder were suspended in an emulsion that was prepared by mixing 10 ml of phenol with 10 ml of 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0) containing 100 mM NaCl, 2 mm EDTA, and 1% SDS [w/v]. The suspension was blended at room temperature by five 8-s bursts ofa Teckman Tissuemizer (John's Scientific, Toronto) and the r...

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“…Poly(A)+ RNA (2 Mg) was subjected to electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels containing 10 (27). The 32P-labeled recombinant probe was hybridized to the RNA blot according to the method …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3C). Thus maturation, it appears that the protein synthesizing complex is lost from those tissues which will be involved in germination (9,10). The absence of polysomes, and hence protein synthesis, from dry axes is probably a general phenomenon.…”

Section: Reprogramming Of Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming of Protein Synthesis from a Developmental to a Germinative Mode Induced by Desiccation of the Axes of Phaseolus vulgaris

Misra

Bewley²

1985

Plant Physiol.

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“…Messages encoding proteins that are important during seed maturation and drying, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, are likely to be degraded rapidly upon imbibition (Jiang and Kermode, 1994;Han et al, 1996). Conversely, those encoding proteins required during early germination (e.g., ribosomal protein messages; Beltrán-Peíia et al, 1995) are replaced by identical messages at later times, with protein synthesis becoming more dependent on the new transcripts with time ( Figure 1; Bewley, 1982). The nature of the stored messages in seeds has not been studied extensively, although it is known that they are likely to be present in association with proteins as mRNP complexes (Ajtkhozhin et al, 1976;Peumans et al, 1979).…”

Section: Protein Synthesis During Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activities of ABA and GA may be linked, because in the aba and d o 2 mutants of Arabidopsis, reduced dormancy is accompanied by a lowered requirement for GA to achieve germination (Léon-Kloosterziel et al, 1996). GAs are known to obviate the requirement of seeds for various environmental cues, promote germination, and counteract the inhibitory effects of ABA, frequently in combination with cytokinins (Bewley andBlack, 1982, 1994). In seeds of a very few species, there is an increase in GA content in response to an externa1 stimulus, but there is no evidence that this increase is important for breaking dormancy.…”

Section: Gas and Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Germination and Dormancy.

1997

Self Cite

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“…Our results for total protein contrast with these observations in pea in that we noted a significant depression of protein degradation at low, not high, temperature in the roots of young seedlings and to a much lesser degree in endosperm tissue. Protein degradation in early germination process was well balanced with the synthesis of new polypeptides, which began during the initial hours of embryo imbibition [26]. We propose that the high protein content detected in roots at low temperature was due to the suppression of protein mobilization rather then to protein synthesis based on the fact that seedling growth under low temperature conditions was strongly reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Protein Profiles in Wheat Seedlings Subjected to Dehydration Stress

Bakalova

Nedeva²,

Mckee³

et al. 2008

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. Changes in the soluble protein content, electrophoretic profiles of total and thermostable proteins and polypeptides in endosperms and roots of wheat seedlings germinated under optimal and stress conditions were investigated. Low and high temperature, 0.2 M NaCl, 0.5 M sucrose, 30 µM ABA and 10 mM H 2 O 2 were applied as stress factors and seeds germinated for 72 hours. The results obtained show that the time course of soluble protein mobilization at early germination depended on the nature of stress factors applied. The response to stress conditions was tissue specific. Low temperature stress elicited the greatest number and most intense total polypeptides in the roots of treated seedlings. High temperature most strongly influenced the thermostable polypeptide profile in endosperms. Content of a 25-kDa polypeptide related to cold tolerance increased in the roots of stressed seedlings. A thermostable polypeptide with a molecular weight of 42 kDa was found in H 2 O 2 stressed samples that was highly intensive and probably constitutes a stress specific response.

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Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Cited by 18 publications

References 105 publications

Reprogramming of Protein Synthesis from a Developmental to a Germinative Mode Induced by Desiccation of the Axes of Phaseolus vulgaris

Reprogramming of Protein Synthesis from a Developmental to a Germinative Mode Induced by Desiccation of the Axes of Phaseolus vulgaris

Seed Germination and Dormancy.

Protein Profiles in Wheat Seedlings Subjected to Dehydration Stress

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