Protein Biofortification in Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) Toward Human Health

Salaria, Sonia; Boatwright, J. Lucas; Thavarajah, Pushparajah; Kumar, Shiv; Thavarajah, Dil

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.869713

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…However, the current study indicates these three cultivars have low total AAs and in vitro protein digestibility ( Fig 3 ). A negative correlation between protein quality and crop adaptability suggests further testing is needed with diverse dry pea germplasm to develop biofortified organic cultivars with better grain yield, agronomic adaptability, and protein quality for organic systems [ 5 , 9 , 34 ]. Earlier literature [ 32 , 35 ] indicates the AA composition of dry pea varies with cultivar and growing environment, similar to the current study’s results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cereals have low lysine (Lys) concentrations and moderate-to-high concentrations of the SAAs, namely methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys); however, pulses have high Lys and low-to-moderate levels of Met and Cys. Therefore, plant-based diets require cereals supplemented with Lys-rich ingredients such as dry pea [ 9 , 16 ]. With the increasing global population, dependence on animal sources for daily human protein requirements is not viable (e.g., higher energy and labor requirements, antibiotic resistance, and greenhouse gas emissions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing global population, dependence on animal sources for daily human protein requirements is not viable (e.g., higher energy and labor requirements, antibiotic resistance, and greenhouse gas emissions). Therefore, breeding traditional pulse crops for protein biofortification is essential to provide clean, allergen- and gluten-free, and highly nutritious plant-based protein to meet the world’s protein demands by 2050 [ 9 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.): A sustainable alternative pulse-based protein for human health

et al. 2023

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Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a cool-season food legume rich in protein (20–25%). With increasing health and ecosystem awareness, organic plant-based protein demand has increased; however, the protein quality of organic dry pea has not been well studied. This study determined the genetic variation of individual amino acids (AAs), total AAs (liberated), total protein, and in vitro protein digestibility of commercial dry pea cultivars grown in organic on-farm fields to inform the development of protein-biofortified cultivars. Twenty-five dry pea cultivars were grown in two USDA-certified organic on-farm locations in South Carolina (SC), USA, for two years (two locations in 2019 and one in 2020). The concentrations of most individual AAs (15 of 17) and the total AA concentration significantly varied with dry pea cultivar. In vitro protein digestibility was not affected by the cultivar. Seed total AA and protein for dry pea ranged from 11.8 to 22.2 and 12.6 to 27.6 g/100 g, respectively, with heritability estimates of 0.19 to 0.25. In vitro protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected AA score (PDCAAS) ranged from 83 to 95% and 0.18 to 0.64, respectively. Heritability estimates for individual AAs ranged from 0.08 to 0.42; principal component (PCA) analysis showed five significant AA clusters. Cultivar Fiddle had significantly higher total AA (19.6 g/100 g) and digestibility (88.5%) than all other cultivars. CDC Amarillo and Jetset were significantly higher in cystine (Cys), and CDC Inca and CDC Striker were significantly higher in methionine (Met) than other cultivars; CDC Spectrum was the best option in terms of high levels of both Cys and Met. Lysine (Lys) concentration did not vary with cultivar. A 100 g serving of organic dry pea provides a significant portion of the recommended daily allowance of six essential AAs (14–189%) and daily protein (22–48%) for an average adult weighing 72 kg. Overall, this study shows organic dry pea has excellent protein quality, significant amounts of sulfur-containing AAs and Lys, and good protein digestibility, and thus has good potential for future plant-based food production. Further genetic studies are warranted with genetically diverse panels to identify candidate genes and target parents to develop nutritionally superior cultivars for organic protein production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.): A sustainable alternative pulse-based protein for human health

et al. 2023

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“…Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik) SPC ranges from 20 to 30% [ 59 ]. Like other legumes, lentil seed has a high globulin content (44–70% of storage protein, constituting 11S legumin and 7S vicilin and convicilin) and albumin (26–61% of lentil proteins) but low prolamin and glutelin levels [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Grain Legumes As An Important Source Of Dietary Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring Global Food Security by Improving Protein Content in Major Grain Legumes Using Breeding and ‘Omics’ Tools

Jha

Nayyar

Parida

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Grain legumes are a rich source of dietary protein for millions of people globally and thus a key driver for securing global food security. Legume plant-based ‘dietary protein’ biofortification is an economic strategy for alleviating the menace of rising malnutrition-related problems and hidden hunger. Malnutrition from protein deficiency is predominant in human populations with an insufficient daily intake of animal protein/dietary protein due to economic limitations, especially in developing countries. Therefore, enhancing grain legume protein content will help eradicate protein-related malnutrition problems in low-income and underprivileged countries. Here, we review the exploitable genetic variability for grain protein content in various major grain legumes for improving the protein content of high-yielding, low-protein genotypes. We highlight classical genetics-based inheritance of protein content in various legumes and discuss advances in molecular marker technology that have enabled us to underpin various quantitative trait loci controlling seed protein content (SPC) in biparental-based mapping populations and genome-wide association studies. We also review the progress of functional genomics in deciphering the underlying candidate gene(s) controlling SPC in various grain legumes and the role of proteomics and metabolomics in shedding light on the accumulation of various novel proteins and metabolites in high-protein legume genotypes. Lastly, we detail the scope of genomic selection, high-throughput phenotyping, emerging genome editing tools, and speed breeding protocols for enhancing SPC in grain legumes to achieve legume-based dietary protein security and thus reduce the global hunger risk.

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“…Recent advances in large-scale genome analyses, such as next generation sequencing (NGS), high throughput genotyping (HTG) and high throughput phenotyping (HTP) have added to the breadth of genetic diversity, development of genomic resources databases and knowledge on phylogenetics in the genus Lens. This information can be used for precise and efficient molecular genetic improvement and enhancement programs of lentils ( Kumar et al., 2021 ; Pratap et al., 2021 ; Hussain et al., 2022 ; Salaria et al., 2022 ; Salgotra and Stewart, 2022 ; Singh et al., 2022a ; Tiwari et al., 2022 ; Civantos-Go´ mez et al., 2022 ; Roy et al., 2023 ; Zeroual et al., 2023 ) similar to what has been achieved in major crops such as rice, wheat and maize ( Yoshino et al., 2019 ; Mishra et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prospects of gene introgression from crop wild relatives into cultivated lentil for climate change mitigation

et al. 2023

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Crop wild relatives (CWRs), landraces and exotic germplasm are important sources of genetic variability, alien alleles, and useful crop traits that can help mitigate a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and crop yield reduction arising due to global climatic changes. In the pulse crop genus Lens, the cultivated varieties have a narrow genetic base due to recurrent selections, genetic bottleneck and linkage drag. The collection and characterization of wild Lens germplasm resources have offered new avenues for the genetic improvement and development of stress-tolerant, climate-resilient lentil varieties with sustainable yield gains to meet future food and nutritional requirements. Most of the lentil breeding traits such as high-yield, adaptation to abiotic stresses and resistance to diseases are quantitative and require the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for marker assisted selection and breeding. Advances in genetic diversity studies, genome mapping and advanced high-throughput sequencing technologies have helped identify many stress-responsive adaptive genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and other useful crop traits in the CWRs. The recent integration of genomics technologies with plant breeding has resulted in the generation of dense genomic linkage maps, massive global genotyping, large transcriptomic datasets, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that have advanced lentil genomic research substantially and allowed for the identification of QTLs for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. Assembly of lentil and its wild species genomes (~4Gbp) opens up newer possibilities for understanding genomic architecture and evolution of this important legume crop. This review highlights the recent strides in the characterization of wild genetic resources for useful alleles, development of high-density genetic maps, high-resolution QTL mapping, genome-wide studies, MAS, genomic selections, new databases and genome assemblies in traditionally bred genus Lens for future crop improvement amidst the impending global climate change.

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Protein Biofortification in Lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.) Toward Human Health

Cited by 15 publications

References 134 publications

Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.): A sustainable alternative pulse-based protein for human health

Organic dry pea (Pisum sativum L.): A sustainable alternative pulse-based protein for human health

Ensuring Global Food Security by Improving Protein Content in Major Grain Legumes Using Breeding and ‘Omics’ Tools

The Prospects of gene introgression from crop wild relatives into cultivated lentil for climate change mitigation

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