Protein cages and virus-like particles: from fundamental insight to biomimetic therapeutics

Steinmetz, Nicole F.; Lim, Sierin; Sainsbury, Frank

doi:10.1039/d0bm00159g

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…104 VLP and other protein-based nanocages (PNC) are composed of an assembly of monomeric subunit proteins such as viral capsid proteins, or other protein subunits such as the small heat shock protein, forming a cage-like nanostructure. 105 VLP-based vaccines are either composed of native SARS-CoV-2 capsid proteins 91 or a heterologous VLP platform presenting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the surface. 106 The assembly of monomeric subunit proteins to form the VLP or PNC structure is advantageous in immune response enhancement in several ways.…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccine Should Induce Protective and Durable Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and implications for vaccine development

Nainu

Abidin

Bahar

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Multiple vaccine candidates for COVID-19, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have entered clinical trials. However, some evidence suggests that patients who have recovered from COVID-19 can be reinfected. For example, in China, two discharged COVID-19 patients who had recovered and fulfilled the discharge criteria for COVID-19 were retested positive to a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the virus. This finding is critical and could hamper COVID-19 vaccine development. This review offers literature-based evidence of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, provides explanation for the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection both from the agent and host points of view, and discusses its implication for COVID-19 vaccine development.

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Section: Covid-19 Vaccine Should Induce Protective and Durable Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and implications for vaccine development

Nainu

Abidin

Bahar

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…126 Beyond vaccinology, they are beginning to find use in point-of-care diagnostic research and biosensing, 127,128 as novel delivery vehicles for small molecule drugs and gene therapies, [129][130][131] and as biomimetic particles that could deepen our understanding of virus-cell interactions. 132,133 Despite this range, research incorporating microfluidic techniques into the production and manipulation of VLPs is limited. This presents an exciting new opportunity given the benefits associated with the miniaturisation of a process, as regards cost-of-goods and reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Virus-like Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic technologies for the synthesis and manipulation of biomimetic membranous nano-assemblies

Pilkington

Seddon

Elani

2021

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the protein-based nanomaterial field. Among different protein-based nanomaterials, protein nanocages are perhaps the most sophisticated [9]. Their self-assembly from a small number of subunits into symmetrical, monodispersed architectures has inspired scientists from diverse disciplines [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivalent Display of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (RBD Domain) of COVID-19 to Nanomaterial, Protein Ferritin Nanocages

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2, or COVID-19, has a devastating effect on our society, both in terms of quality of life and death rates; hence, there is an urgent need for developing safe and effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. The most promising strategy to fight against this deadly virus is to develop an effective vaccine. Internalization of SARS-CoV-2 into the human host cell mainly occurs through the binding of the coronavirus spike protein (a trimeric surface glycoprotein) to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The spike-ACE2 protein–protein interaction is mediated through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Mutations in the spike RBD can significantly alter interactions with the ACE2 host receptor. Due to its important role in virus transmission, the spike RBD is considered to be one of the key molecular targets for vaccine development. In this study, a spike RBD-based subunit vaccine was designed by utilizing a ferritin protein nanocage as a scaffold. Several fusion protein constructs were designed in silico by connecting the spike RBD via a synthetic linker (different sizes) to different ferritin subunits (H-ferritin and L-ferritin). The stability and the dynamics of the engineered nanocage constructs were tested by extensive molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Based on our MDS analysis, a five amino acid-based short linker (S-Linker) was the most effective for displaying the spike RBD over the surface of ferritin. The behavior of the spike RBD binding regions from the designed chimeric nanocages with the ACE2 receptor was highlighted. These data propose an effective multivalent synthetic nanocage, which might form the basis for new vaccine therapeutics designed against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.

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Protein cages and virus-like particles: from fundamental insight to biomimetic therapeutics

Abstract: Protein cages found in nature have evolved for a variety of purposes and this review focuses on how they are being co-opted for use in immunotherapy and therapeutic delivery.

Cited by 52 publications

References 102 publications

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and implications for vaccine development

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and implications for vaccine development

Microfluidic technologies for the synthesis and manipulation of biomimetic membranous nano-assemblies

Multivalent Display of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (RBD Domain) of COVID-19 to Nanomaterial, Protein Ferritin Nanocages

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