Protein Content of Breast Milk of African Women

Jelliffe, Derrick B.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4794.1131

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our results side with the literature reporting that maternal undernutrition may be associated with reduced milk fat. The literature on milk protein and maternal BMI is more variable; studies report a positive association (Chang et al, ; Grote et al, ; Michaelsen et al, ), an inverse association (Bachour, Yafawi, Jaber, Choueiri, & Abdel‐Razzak, ), and no association (Butte & Calloway, ; Jellife, ; Quinn et al, ). Our study is more consistent with studies reporting an inverse relationship between milk protein and maternal nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in breast milk macronutrient contents by maternal anemia and hemoglobin concentration in northern Kenya

Corbitt

Ruvalcaba

Fujita

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives This study explored differing levels of macronutrients in breast milk in relation to maternal anemia and hemoglobin. Methods Archived milk specimens and data from a cross‐sectional sample of 208 breastfeeding mothers in northern Kenya, originally collected in 2006, were analyzed; data included milk fat, maternal hemoglobin concentration, and anemia status (anemia defined as hemoglobin <12 g/dL). Total protein and lactose were measured and energy was calculated. To explore the association between milk outcomes (fat, protein, lactose, and energy) and anemia, regression models were constructed with and without adjustment for maternal age, parity, and time (days) postpartum. The same models were constructed using hemoglobin as a continuous predictor in lieu of dichotomous anemia to explore the role of hemoglobin levels and anemia severity in predicting milk outcomes. Results The group comparison indicated significantly higher milk protein and lower milk fat for anemic mothers relative to nonanemic counterparts. After adjustment for maternal age, parity, and time postpartum, maternal anemia was associated with significantly higher milk protein (P = 0.001) and significantly lower milk fat (P = 0.025). Hemoglobin had a significant inverse relationship with milk protein (P = 0.017) and a marginally significant positive relationship with milk fat (P = 0.060) after adjusting for the maternal variables. Neither anemia nor hemoglobin was significant in predicting lactose or milk energy. Conclusions Maternal anemia and hemoglobin concentration may be associated with complex changes in milk macronutrients. Future research should clarify the impact of maternal anemia on a range of breast milk components while accounting for other maternal characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in breast milk macronutrient contents by maternal anemia and hemoglobin concentration in northern Kenya

Corbitt

Ruvalcaba

Fujita

2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…In all cases, the hair was dry, somewhat sparse, " staring " and of brownish colour. However, no hypochromotrichia of the degree commonly found in African infants in West Africa (JELLIFFE, 1953) or in the West Indies (JELLIFFE, BRAS and STUART, 1954) was observed, even in these specially selected severe cases, all of whom showed the classical rash.…”

Section: Hair Changesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In African cases, striking hypochromotrichia is common -the normal jet-black " pepper-corn " curls often being changed to sparse, soft, dry, straight hair, varying in colour from reddish-brown to grey, to completely blonde. (JELLIFFE, 1955b). This important and unexplained difference appears to apply to most Asian cases, and one of the writers (D.B.J.)…”

Section: Hair Changesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It is generally agreed that, although the proximate principles, especially the protein content, remain relatively unchanged in prolonged lactation-as has been demonstrated in Nigeria by JELLIFFE (1952), in New Caledonia by PETERS (1953), in the South African Bantu by WALKER et al (1954) and in South India by SRINIVASAN and GOPALAN (1954)-nevertheless the effect upon the yield or output is uncertain and much further investigation is required.…”

Section: Uninterrupted Prolonged Lactationmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Clinical Observations on Kwashiorkor in Calcutta

Mukherjee¹,

Jelliffe

1955

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics

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“…Prolonged lactation also does not seem to cause a drop in protein content of the breast milk (Jelliffe, 1952;Peters, 1953). In other non-African groups, a diminishing yield has been observed in the amount of breast milk after the first year (Bailey, 1965), and probably even earlier (Gopalan, 1956).…”

Section: Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 90%

The ecology of the nutrition of the Bapedi, Sekhukuniland

Waldmann

1975

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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Protein Content of Breast Milk of African Women

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Variation in breast milk macronutrient contents by maternal anemia and hemoglobin concentration in northern Kenya

Variation in breast milk macronutrient contents by maternal anemia and hemoglobin concentration in northern Kenya

Clinical Observations on Kwashiorkor in Calcutta

The ecology of the nutrition of the Bapedi, Sekhukuniland

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